1. kaf67减速机
魔方又叫鲁比克方块，台湾称为魔术方块，香港称为扭计骰，最早由匈牙利布达佩斯建筑学院鲁比克·艾尔诺教授发明。魔方竞速是一项手部极限运动，玩法炫酷，来看下各阶魔方复原教程吧，这样的扮酷技能还不快来get？！
复原字母示意
复原魔方时，常常会用到各类公式，因此认识各个字母代表的意思非常重要。四阶魔方转动字母和三阶魔方转动字母是一致的，但是有一些由特殊的字母来表示。
单层操作：
手拿一个魔方，对着身体这面的为前，前Front（F）；后Back（B）；左Left（L）；右Right（R）；顶Up（U）；底Down（D）。
每个字母表示对应层顺时针旋转90°，带'的则是逆时针90°，后面加个2就是180°。
如：U 顶层顺时针90°；U' 顶层逆时针90°；U2 顶层顺时针180°。
双层操作：
上面六个字母小写表示双层操作。
夹层操作：
左右夹层向下为M，与L同向；前后夹层顺时针为S，与F同向；上下夹层向右为E，与D同向。
四阶魔方特殊字母：
四阶魔方特殊字母表示，如下图。其他字母，如x表示魔方整体向上翻90°；y表示魔方绕竖直中轴向左转90°；z整体面对自己顺时针旋转90°。
二阶魔方复原
简介
二阶魔方（Mini Cube），中文直译叫做"口袋魔方"，由彼得·塞波斯坦尼发明。二阶魔方为2×2×2的立方体结构，由8个角块构成，总共有3674160种变化。二阶魔方结构与三阶魔方相近，可以用复原三阶魔方的公式进行复原。
二阶魔方复原教程视频：【二阶魔方教程~只要两个公式哟！】 https://b23.tv/7btcXGd
二阶复原教程
二阶魔方的玩法分为三个步骤，分别是：1）还原底层角块；2）还原顶面颜色；3）调整顶层角块。
说明：图中灰色部分代表了该步骤中不相关的颜色，只用看标彩色的方块即可。
第一步：还原底层角块
假设以白色为底，其他白色块只会有5个位置，这些位置要么是对称的，要么很容易变成前面的位置。如下图五种情况。
1、如上图中第一种情况的调整，只需要三步就可以完成了。如下图。
2、对于第二种情况，它和第一种情况是完全对称的，算法也是对称的。
针对这两种情况，可以看出：白色在右面第一下就转右面，白色在正面第一下就转正面。
3、白色在顶面的情况，如下图，只要用一次公式RU就会变成情况1，或用一次F'U'变成情况2，然后按情况1或2处理就好了。
要注意：如果底层其他几个角已经还原好了，如下图，这种处理方法就会破坏已经还原好的某个角，所以要提前恢复角这个角的位置，具体方法如下。
4、另外2种情况白色是在底层的，只要对着他们用一次算法1或算法2就可以得到情况1或2了。
白色向前就用算法2，先转正面，（F'U'F）U（F'U'F）；白色向右就用算法1，先转右面，（R U R'）U'（R U R'）。
照上面说的，重复做4个角块，就可以做好底层了。
第二步：还原顶面颜色
这一步我们要还原4个角块顶面的颜色，而先不用管顶层侧面的颜色，把它们留到最后一步还原。
我们先观察一下顶层4个角块黄色面的位置，如果只有一个黄色块在顶面，会有两种情况，可以按下面的方法解决。
情况1
情况2
它是和情况1完全对称的，算法也是对称的，非常好记。
另外还有5种情况，不用记新的算法，按照下面的位置摆好，用上面的算法就可以解决；其中3种情况是顶面有2个黄色块，2种情况是顶面没有黄色块，下面是具体解决方法。
观察一下，可以发现除了情况6是先用公式2-2，其他几种情况都是先用公式2-1的，我们只要记住情况6的形态就好了，其它情况都先用一次公式2-1，再转转魔方的顶层就很容易得到情况1或情况2了。
第三步：还原顶层角块
这一步要将顶层4个侧面的颜色一次性复原，完成魔方的还原，只需要记一个新的算法。
先观察有没有2个相邻角块侧面颜色一样的情况，例如下面的情况1或情况2。
情况1
情况2
如果有类似于上图的情况，就把同色的角块旋转到正对着自己的位置，再用这个算法R B' R F2 R' B R F2 R2，就可以完成还原了。
注意：如果找不到这样同色的角块，那就对着魔方随便用一次上面的算法，用过之后就一定能找到了，然后再用一次这个算法即可还原。
至此，二阶魔方完成复原。
三阶魔方复原
简介
通常意义下的魔方，是指狭义的三阶魔方。常规竞速玩法是将魔方打乱，然后在最短的时间内复原。
三阶魔方复原视频教程【三阶魔方还原基础教程！】 https://b23.tv/DpnMj8m
三阶复原教程
三阶魔方复原总的思路为分层法，如下图。
1、复原第一层四个棱块（在底层架十字，以白色为底）
目的：使底层四个棱块的侧面与四个中心面的颜色一致（如下图1）。这一步简单灵活，不需要公式。但这里也提供了动图以供参考。
首先拿到一个棱块，如图，这是最基础的情况，只看白色，只要一步就能把它转到顶面。
当我们遇到的情况与这个情况不同的时候，就要想办法把未解决过的问题转化为已知问题。
时刻注意顶层完成的棱块别被破坏：
我们做十字不但要求白面有一个十字，其他面的跟白色相近的那个中心棱也要跟各面中心（各面中心颜色不变）颜色对齐。方法是：手拿魔方，白色十字架面朝下，旋转上面两层找对应各面中心颜色即可。
最终如下图这样子即可。
2、复原第一层四个角块
目的：要使四个底角的各面的颜色与相应中心面颜色对应一致（如图2）。可归为五种情况，如图3~图7。图3和图4为基本形态，图5用公式后会变成图3形态，图6用公式后会变成图5形态，图7用公式后会变成图4形态。
关键：手拿魔方，白底十字架在下面，只看图中白色位置，只要白色方块出现图中情况，按照公式旋转即可。
具体步骤示范：
完成十字后我们将整个魔方翻转，使十字朝下。 角块按位置分为顶层和底层两类情况。每类情况中又可按角块白色面朝向分为指向上/下和指向四周两种。最基础的情况是处于顶层白色面指向四周。剩下的三种均可转换成这种情况。
基础情况：顶层，白色指向四周。（图3、图4的情况）
在顶层白色朝右时，R U R'（图4情况，白色归位）
在顶层白色朝前时，L' U' L（图3情况，白色归位）
注意角块的朝向。将角块放在目标位置之上，循环RUR'U'直至被还原。
底层角块特殊情况
角块不是顶层且白色朝外的一律算作特殊情况，都要转化为基础情况。
在顶层白色朝上时，解决办法：R U2 R'，即可转为基础情况
在底层白色朝外，解决办法：R U2 R'，即可转为基础情况
3、复原第二层四个棱块
目的是使第二层的四个棱归位（ 第二层含四个中心块，这四个中心块是固定的，只需复原棱块即可）。可归为两种基本情况，当要复原的棱块在中层，可以先用图8或图8公式把他们转到顶层后，再用下面公式转法即可。（切记：对着图8，手拿魔方，出现图8情况，即可用图8公式。出现图9情况，即可用图9公式。）
4、顶十字（以黄色为顶，完成顶层四个棱）
俯视魔方，只看中心块和四个棱，只要顶层黄色部分出现图中任一这个情况（切记：手拿魔方，顶层看过去的黄色方块方向要跟图片某一种情形一致），均可以使用公式FRUR'U'F'在图10~图13中转换，直到出现图14形态（四个棱和中心颜色都为黄色）。
具体示范如下：
条形（图12）：转动顶层，让条形指向左右。再用FRUR'U'F'，如下图。
折形（图11）：朝上的棱块一个放在后边一个放在左边，做一遍条形公式就可以转换成条形。所以连做两遍条形公式即可。此过程会出现F和F'连做FRUR'U'F'（FRUR'U'F'），相互抵消，故消去废步后的公式为：F （ R U R' U' ） （ R U R' U' ） F'（若记不住直接记FRUR'U'F'操作两遍即可）
点形（图10）：点形做上述公式即转化为另一种二棱情况。
5、完成顶面（以黄色为顶面）
俯视魔方，只看黄色方块，会出现下面8种状态之一。手中拿好魔方，顶层黄色出现下图各种位置时，只要黄色所在位置跟图中任一形式一样，使用公式RUR'URU2 R'在图14中转换，即可将顶层颜色全部变为黄色。（切记：手拿魔方时，俯视魔方，顶层黄色位置要跟图中一样，出现任何一种图中情况，用此公式即可。）
6、调整顶层4个角块位置，使其正确归位
方法一：
先调整角块位置：这一步要使四个角块的相对位置归位。观察顶层的侧面，看看是否有一个侧面是两个角块颜色都一样的（连在一起的相对位置正确的角块）。如果有，则将这两个角块放在右侧，做：R2 F2' R' B' R F2' R' B R'
如果四个面都没有，做一次上面的公式就有了。另外不要被棱块干扰，角块没做完先不管棱块。
再调整棱块位置：调整项层4个棱块的位置，使其位置正确。顶棱情况依错误的棱块的数量分为两类：三个和四个。不存在两个交换的情况。
三个棱块依次轮换，让完成的棱块朝后，观察剩余三个棱块是顺时针还是逆时针替换，如果前面颜色对应的棱块在右边，对应顺时针替换：R2 U R U R' U' R' U' R' U R'，可完成复原。
前面颜色对应的棱块在左边，对应逆时针替换。可以使用公式：L2' U' L' U' L U L U L U' L，可完成复原。
四个棱块两两对换：如果前面步骤做完，到最后只是四个角棱块两两相对，跳过上面两个步骤，随机做一个三棱换即可转化为三棱换的情况。可用公式：M2' U M2' U2 M2' U M2'，可完成复原。
方法二：个人喜欢的方法，手拿魔方，俯视魔方，观察顶层四个棱的位置，使用公式F2U' （LR'）F2 （L'R）U'F2在图16中的五种形态之间进行转换，只要一个公式，整个魔方会被复原。（箭头表示不同颜色的方块互换位置，魔方拿法朝向没有要求，只要俯视图是下图即可，出现下列情行就用此公式，即可复原）
至此，三阶魔方复原完成。
四阶魔方复原
简介
四阶魔方被认为是2-5阶魔方玩法中最不好复原的，虽然五阶魔方的变化种类比4阶多，但是四阶魔方的中心块并不固定，也就不容易复原。要点就是要记住各个颜色的相对位置，只有将中心块的颜色按正确的位置还原才能复原整个魔方。
四阶魔方总共有8个角块，24个中心块和24个棱块。四阶魔方的国际配色是上白下黄、前绿后蓝、左橙右红。
四阶魔方复原教程：【四阶魔方基础还原教程（入门降阶法）】 https://b23.tv/7ODSD0a
四阶复原教程
四阶魔方的复原根本恢复思路：调整6面中心块→组合12条棱块→处理特殊情况→恢复四阶魔方
一般选择使用降阶法来恢复四阶魔方，即指将高阶魔方转换成三阶魔方的状态，然后依照三阶魔方的恢复办法进行恢复。
1、调整四阶魔方六面中心块
因为四阶魔方并没有固定的中心块，所以在进行这个步骤之前，必需要记住6面的色彩方位。下面就罗列出在拼中心块的过程呈现的8个状况。
2、合并12条棱块
拼好魔方的六面中心块后，接下来需要把24个棱块按照颜色相同的棱块两两合并来组合成12个棱块，这和三阶魔方状态是一样的了，最终效果如下第一张图所示。
3、当拼完6面中心块和12条棱块后，把这个四阶魔方当做成三阶魔方来还原，还原进程如下图。
假如你拼到顶层发现有三阶魔方上没有遇到的情况，请看下一步。
4、调整四阶魔方的特殊情况
至此，再用三阶的玩法进行，直到完成四阶魔方的复原。
五阶魔方还原
简介
五阶魔方的还原方法和四阶魔方的还原一样，都是使用“降阶法”还原。也就是说，需要先把每一个面中心的3*3的正方形还原成各自中心块的颜色，再还原12条3*1的棱块，之后的还原方法就是三阶魔方的还原方法了。
五阶魔方复原视频教程：【五阶魔方教学入门教学篇，适合三阶降阶法玩法，一看就懂】 https://b23.tv/vFljBK0
五阶复原教程
1、还原底面中心块（以黄色中心块为例）
对于奇数阶魔方来说，还原中心块需要先还原中心的3*1的一道，如图。
然后再在中间面（除底面和顶面的四个面）上还原出3*1的一道，再移至底面，如图。
以此方法还原底面。
2、还原顶面中心块（白色）
顶面也就是与底面相对的那一面。同样要注意首先先还原中间3*1的一道。
然后再在中间面（除底面和顶面的四个面）上创造出顶面中心块的边缘3*1的一道，再移至顶面（注意不要打乱底面，可用图示方法）
3、还原中间面的中心块
中间面的还原需要一个面再接着相邻的一个面进行还原。首先还是先还原一个中心块的中间的3＊1的一道。
然后在未还原的三个中间面还原出相应中心块面的边缘3＊1的一道，再移至相应的中心块上，以此方式还原这个中心面。
然后进行还原此中心面的相邻中心面，首先还是先还原此中心面的中间3＊1的一道，为避免其他面被打乱，可用图示方式。
然后再在剩下两个中心面上还原出相应中心块所需的边缘3＊1的一道，移至相应中心面上，为防止已还原的中心块被打乱，可用图示方式。
为防止已还原的部分被破坏，可使用下列方式：U'F'中间层RU中间层R'
最后两个面的还原，首先先用以多还少的方式还原大部分（情况如之前提到所示），然后再用下列两个公式还原特殊情况。
4、还原顶面与底面的八大棱块
这一步与四阶相似，都是要先把3＊1的棱块的三个小块找到，根据图示方法使三个小块放到图示的位置。
再移动中间层的面，使三个小块合成一个3＊1的棱块，再将它放至底面或顶面的位置。
5、还原中间面的四大棱块
这一步使用的是四阶的公式，只是将公式稍微变形一下，具体情况如图。然后，最后会遇上特殊情况，解决方法如图。
6、至此，可将降阶的五阶魔方看做三阶魔方进行还原。
高阶复原要点
“降阶法”是还原高阶魔方的通用方法。“降阶”步骤及各步骤中的转法思路，均可应用于所有高阶魔方还原中。
高阶魔方，可以分为奇数阶与偶数阶。偶数阶魔方，与四阶魔方类似，因“中心块”相对位置不固定，所以在“还原中心块”时需要注意相对位置，且降阶后可能需要“特殊情况校正”这一步骤，将降阶后的“三阶魔方”修正为“标准情况”；奇数阶魔方，因“中心块”相对位置是固定的，所以“复原中心块”时较易，且完成降阶后的“三阶魔方”即为“标准情况”，不需校正。
总之，只要掌握降阶法的原理，所有高阶魔方均可迎刃而解。
异形魔方复原
异形魔方相对原始魔方的变化较大，但是原理基本上相同，一般都可以看成二阶或三阶的魔方，当然有些异形魔方还是比较难还原的。常见的异形魔方有六色五魔方、钻石魔方及金字塔魔方等，一起来看一下金字塔魔方复原教程吧。
金字塔魔方复原
金字塔魔方属于异形魔方，在结构上跟之前的三阶二阶魔方是完全不同的。但是，金字塔魔方还原的原理跟三阶魔方是有一些共同点的，一般是先预留黄色面作为底面，先还原黄色底面再还原其他颜色面。
金字塔魔方复原视频教程：【超级简单！零基础学会金字塔魔方！】 https://b23.tv/IbSq1au
1、金字塔还原的第一步
还原出一个黄色底面的“十字架”，上图三个黄色块就是金字塔“十字架”。如下图所示：
2、金字塔还原的第二步
金字塔底层公式：右下、左下、右上、左上
左下、右下、左上、右上
金字塔顶面公式：右下、顶右、右上、顶右、右下、顶右、右上
左下、右下、左上、右上、顶左、右上、顶右、右下
%3Chowto_content%3E[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"is_abstract":true},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"魔方又叫鲁比克方块，台湾称为魔术方块，香港称为扭计骰，最早由匈牙利布达佩斯建筑学院鲁比克·艾尔诺教授发明。魔方竞速是一项手部极限运动，玩法炫酷，来看下各阶魔方复原教程吧，这样的扮酷技能还不快来get？！","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnO0yywQiMy2uIGy2HdkWHof"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"复原字母示意","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnuMWgKCE4ySWousC8IIIDAf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"复原魔方时，常常会用到各类公式，因此认识各个字母代表的意思非常重要。四阶魔方转动字母和三阶魔方转动字母是一致的，但是有一些由特殊的字母来表示。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnE6AiaQAu2G6k0yBuzAgyyf"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":201,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"复原字母示意","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/36c04761243b4f53bfadc1e490045f34","width":431},"text":"","id":"doxcncUAKgs2iGYOyMzzFDVOmyh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"单层操作：","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcngQim2qEock2e2zMHTBYUzc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"手拿一个魔方，对着身体这面的为前，前Front（F）；后Back（B）；左Left（L）；右Right（R）；顶Up（U）；底Down（D）。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcncAk6YeKGWgo8mIy7pzjUbe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"每个字母表示对应层顺时针旋转90°，带'的则是逆时针90°，后面加个2就是180°。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnacSWI0SsAQY4LCCMfwxRiS"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"如：U 顶层顺时针90°；U' 顶层逆时针90°；U2 顶层顺时针180°。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnE6ikGiI2Q8G2Wgzg6YdPOd"},{"type":"imageList","children":[{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":684,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"复原字母示意","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/a752cfb2b14b491aaa84b25f8a5e0a85","width":1024},"text":"","id":"doxcnyySGOq4OE0eKkRL3OcXNwg"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":510,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"复原字母示意","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/ede3c45811e04c0dbdcd22f11d0c5407","width":447},"text":"","id":"doxcnIkOogwMgm4sQwJij9qQjTc"}],"text":"","id":"doxcnoaae2KkQMIqSqmYpdxfdDb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"双层操作：","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnoaae2KkQMIqSqmYpdxfdDb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"上面六个字母小写表示双层操作。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnmYiWkGy0oaqCKDJHqr7guG"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"夹层操作：","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnSAyoWiciYAWaOoNJVwTFRh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"左右夹层向下为M，与L同向；前后夹层顺时针为S，与F同向；上下夹层向右为E，与D同向。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnuOGCUkoIUSuaopWMaa0ocb"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":368,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"复原字母示意","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/b76e675686cf4a008f3fad0e668762c9","width":1080},"text":"","id":"doxcnWmKO8GiKCqeyO6l0tvp9ye"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"四阶魔方特殊字母：","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnaAsskUYoyo8kM7UvOxQYgg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"四阶魔方特殊字母表示，如下图。其他字母，如x表示魔方整体向上翻90°；y表示魔方绕竖直中轴向左转90°；z整体面对自己顺时针旋转90°。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnSgiIY6OOiyaW08VAlYsefF"},{"type":"imageList","children":[{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":555,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"复原字母示意","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/5d10b7f8bc1c4ed7a1db8e4daacda8a0","width":446},"text":"","id":"doxcnGUGeA4CqQ2m6ApNdIVhfmh"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":552,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"复原字母示意","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/6ae8ad494a8149d296622be5d97e4f06","width":445},"text":"","id":"doxcnu6wQkEa8S2K4aIjUnZf26e"}],"text":"","id":"doxcncY8GW406GcUswOhlgQmOW9"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"二阶魔方复原","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcncY8GW406GcUswOhlgQmOW9"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"简介","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnIKWqIGWucaiCE6GCGOt7dp"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"二阶魔方（Mini Cube），中文直译叫做\"口袋魔方\"，由彼得·塞波斯坦尼发明。二阶魔方为2×2×2的立方体结构，由8个角块构成，总共有3674160种变化。二阶魔方结构与三阶魔方相近，可以用复原三阶魔方的公式进行复原。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnsG0KW24YGikSmCTZAc6oAg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"二阶魔方复原教程视频：【二阶魔方教程~只要两个公式哟！】 ","id":""},{"type":"external_link","attrs":{"url":"https://b23.tv/7btcXGd"},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"https://b23.tv/7btcXGd","id":""}],"text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn066WKeUy66sIIFvxH3jlye"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"二阶复原教程","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnYwaiG8s0cQ8EQTGeMbVBWg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"二阶魔方的玩法分为三个步骤，分别是：1）还原底层角块；2）还原顶面颜色；3）调整顶层角块。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn2SiICWs8I2ui6LOtP4TTHe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"说明：图中灰色部分代表了该步骤中不相关的颜色，只用看标彩色的方块即可。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnCa8so4OOyuuWGARUzbYr8c"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":560,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"二阶复原教程","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/906fc2333fd040d2a32df0365f53b544","width":1065},"text":"","id":"doxcniUuuMqwkEceKgpA4w7a6ve"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"第一步：还原底层角块","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnmSgs4wumgyWm21NsTrE6Mb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"假设以白色为底，其他白色块只会有5个位置，这些位置要么是对称的，要么很容易变成前面的位置。如下图五种情况。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnmGMWIkWIASIIg1NpnTiAic"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":1438,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"二阶复原教程","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/85670d40eadd4f97a2526f8153a62e3b","width":4096},"text":"","id":"doxcnecyCikii6YWOUdaPVwB01g"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、如上图中第一种情况的调整，只需要三步就可以完成了。如下图。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnIAeiMqCAaGQ0SUqa96hPOh"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":811,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"二阶复原教程","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/90ff91e85fa94a6a952939cca17ba732","width":1038},"text":"","id":"doxcn2ki6iUUiouK0CZXYPTsE34"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、对于第二种情况，它和第一种情况是完全对称的，算法也是对称的。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn6qcs40UcOIsSQ8bKDJhlsu"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":843,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"二阶复原教程","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/b045cb72f1e542bcb84661b509a1da89","width":1042},"text":"","id":"doxcnio8Kw0MEQuei8F8y9iy6bg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"针对这两种情况，可以看出：白色在右面第一下就转右面，白色在正面第一下就转正面。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn8OcaomquYEYMAxMiZsueVb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、白色在顶面的情况，如下图，只要用一次公式RU就会变成情况1，或用一次F'U'变成情况2，然后按情况1或2处理就好了。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn0EAy8u2mgm64YjY7zmbcQf"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":110,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"二阶复原教程","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/991050913a8245c9b17226c7fdd7f956","width":110},"text":"","id":"doxcnY8amKUe2KM8WMXl4ZmOkzf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"要注意：如果底层其他几个角已经还原好了，如下图，这种处理方法就会破坏已经还原好的某个角，所以要提前恢复角这个角的位置，具体方法如下。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn40OKs6S4uwOqCqd5LSIBzg"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":1344,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"二阶复原教程","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/33815796f4c147b1a7d1ac873c65f4a7","width":1058},"text":"","id":"doxcnSQYOWyUu4IwAYR1WKMvyZe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"4、另外2种情况白色是在底层的，只要对着他们用一次算法1或算法2就可以得到情况1或2了。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnCSWweKAykceAwBkp0BGDVg"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":241,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"二阶复原教程","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/ddeea9879ef047baafcf155c8a90ec9a","width":466},"text":"","id":"doxcna4Weae8eCWYSy25Bciyzbe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnMi46giMmgmEkgjkd4tl5vc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"白色向前就用算法2，先转正面，（F'U'F）U（F'U'F）；白色向右就用算法1，先转右面，（R U R'）U'（R U R'）。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnko2i0GSG8C4Y461uI5VwGe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"照上面说的，重复做4个角块，就可以做好底层了。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn22uUuY6eWmOQsl47nnRPZb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"第二步：还原顶面颜色","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnQyYQYiyeAueiSYO7HrCddg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"这一步我们要还原4个角块顶面的颜色，而先不用管顶层侧面的颜色，把它们留到最后一步还原。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnOAkuUMEGE6yQSs8SIauHff"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":120,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"二阶复原教程","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/e5e16e85bab94cab8e1af60e809d45ac","width":120},"text":"","id":"doxcn4Ga8S2gsWK88eY80RMaBah"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"我们先观察一下顶层4个角块黄色面的位置，如果只有一个黄色块在顶面，会有两种情况，可以按下面的方法解决。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnSyS2wOMyksaEKs8WikXPZg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"情况1","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnc2qmO4s4wsyoS0ZNN1Ryvd"},{"type":"imageList","children":[{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":110,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"二阶复原教程","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/d3612d37e0ce4bbc98184b6abb9b8a42","width":110},"text":"","id":"doxcnaS62qUWSiSqESEGu644sNh"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":889,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"二阶复原教程","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/8d15477e52994c4290ee54c207106ce2","width":1080},"text":"","id":"doxcnyC0Cyqm0CMwWkPW78MZlrg"}],"text":"","id":"doxcnE2QEeEMQK620KAcoJrFbid"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"情况2","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnE2QEeEMQK620KAcoJrFbid"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":110,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"二阶复原教程","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/3c5ae0019ca24a09a94b8b7ed74c15bd","width":110},"text":"","id":"doxcn4AeqeacO2qgaMFgeUcrNje"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"它是和情况1完全对称的，算法也是对称的，非常好记。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnAQqEWmc8Sa0AqKUoSZnm9e"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":885,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"二阶复原教程","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/61e14ab7bdf74a1ab15398863eaa1afe","width":1037},"text":"","id":"doxcnqmaAoiS0ASeCWzEjqcO7Hj"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"另外还有5种情况，","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"不用记新的算法，按照下面的位置摆好，用上面的算法就可以解决；其中3种情况是顶面有2个黄色块，2种情况是顶面没有黄色块，下面是具体解决方法。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnIQOE6AqEmSEEiMHyRy35oe"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":935,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"二阶复原教程","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/0dd7ff74cfc4481fae1b19c67cf0418a","width":1063},"text":"","id":"doxcn2o6Ssmmoy0uyYlz4Fjt9be"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"观察一下，可以发现除了情况6是先用公式2-2，其他几种情况都是先用公式2-1的，我们只要记住情况6的形态就好了，其它情况都先用一次公式2-1，再转转魔方的顶层就很容易得到情况1或情况2了。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnSQW4E0kCkOQ48lkoEVpRTh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"第三步：还原顶层角块","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnosgYA4aoqWqUGaAZamKtCf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"这一步要将顶层4个侧面的颜色一次性复原，完成魔方的还原，只需要记一个新的算法。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnmu0wISw08AgSScMtPD16yb"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":120,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"二阶复原教程","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/ecc9449c7e624aea9597f09c6393d180","width":120},"text":"","id":"doxcn4o4MAOIaMMKgYRHq46O5Lf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"先观察有没有2个相邻角块侧面颜色一样的情况，例如下面的情况1或情况2。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnu06eYYeYssmuKAmjjVHsef"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"情况1","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnOSuuwkmEaUAyw3ZZTRCJVb"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":110,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"二阶复原教程","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/555a629190c94a89be3c1b9daafd4d3c","width":150},"text":"","id":"doxcnO4AkU8oQG4AYk10JK90upd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"情况2","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn6uEYYkAgKEg0IDyIwOqJke"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":110,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"二阶复原教程","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/1e1ae6a1e3274f0b9438bae43c7c39a5","width":150},"text":"","id":"doxcnwWIWUwEygq80ufk1xpyWbb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"如果有类似于上图的情况，就把同色的角块旋转到正对着自己的位置，再用这个算法R B' R F2 R' B R F2 R2，就可以完成还原了。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnKMYSeuwCeOIYeY2jb0OyDf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"注意：","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"如果找不到这样同色的角块，那就对着魔方随便用一次上面的算法，用过之后就一定能找到了，然后再用一次这个算法即可还原。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnweQCMkwwEeCsmUca9ZQuve"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"至此，二阶魔方完成复原。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn6UMOQCISc8oOe8Xt0zbZnf"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"三阶魔方复原","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnEWOSGkiWw6UWgTzzhHvEVd"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"简介","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnk8EwoIOsQgSk0wixLJ9pwf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"通常意义下的魔方，是指狭义的三阶魔方。常规竞速玩法是将魔方打乱，然后在最短的时间内复原。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnyYc4cqokE86C2Iv749lfZh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"三阶魔方复原视频教程【三阶魔方还原基础教程！】 ","id":""},{"type":"external_link","attrs":{"url":"https://b23.tv/DpnMj8m"},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"https://b23.tv/DpnMj8m","id":""}],"text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnG0MEa0gyS0sSwx8gJwsyic"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"三阶复原教程","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn0SEKA2kIQqmcC0jfLHH68g"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"三阶魔方复原总的思路为分层法，如下图。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn0AAiQG8eSGSKiiW9ygVcRf"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":62,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"三阶复原教程","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/282cc69626974fab9f123df5c8f387e9","width":500},"text":"","id":"doxcnSk6IsEY4MW8omoc8NlTMIc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"1、复原第一层四个棱块（在底层架十字，以白色为底）","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnIy4qI422kEmW8rVQJLumYd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"目的：使底层四个棱块的侧面与四个中心面的颜色一致（如下图1）。这一步简单灵活，不需要公式。但这里也提供了动图以供参考。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnUWGgAIC6KWcwwZ0V2KLlof"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":142,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"三阶复原教程","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/ca2d359ba1834eeeaf89e61b84bfe28a","width":270},"text":"","id":"doxcnqYks48m4g2kSSLRXTqICpb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"首先拿到一个棱块，如图，这是最基础的情况，只看白色，只要一步就能把它转到顶面。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcneKEekqSEkw0wtOyH76zgC7"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":360,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"三阶复原教程","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/9988352a6be148e883270466f4780df0","width":479},"text":"","id":"doxcnQkUcGcy82Kuq0iRredNNG7"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"当我们遇到的情况与这个情况不同的时候，就要想办法把未解决过的问题转化为已知问题。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnk0USYkA4MqACsPchkpzUxh"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":360,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"三阶复原教程","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/0f099d8649fe45729c4cc5d5d319476c","width":359},"text":"","id":"doxcnC08mmY0gaMyCmGbk5aPb5b"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":360,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"三阶复原教程","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/2ada9367f8194f1e884cc6bb5c7a7019","width":479},"text":"","id":"doxcnkSmEukSIGEemq8wLy04oKe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"时刻注意顶层完成的棱块别被破坏：","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnCCWIM2qCusQWe2OuAzt7pb"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":360,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"三阶复原教程","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/1ccc4f79d7e54c86a082b755d56ed46f","width":479},"text":"","id":"doxcnm8IKUAoQWwsugLdPhZ093g"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"我们做十字不但要求白面有一个十字，其他面的跟白色相近的那个中心棱也要跟各面中心（各面中心颜色不变）颜色对齐。方法是：手拿魔方，白色十字架面朝下，旋转上面两层找对应各面中心颜色即可。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnE4IkgA4cUgmaaCYKNsIjNU"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":360,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"三阶复原教程","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/96af7011160f4daab117cc5de1ba7b91","width":639},"text":"","id":"doxcniuGGe0sq2EqI0Eq5QlIpfh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"最终如下图这样子即可。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnGW8UMWIe0isUopKG1rkiog"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":957,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"三阶复原教程","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/1cfb670c315d4c0a88d45c539c09a907","width":1080},"text":"","id":"doxcniSqwwKomSukcUvVQTJ2Nce"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"2、复原第一层四个角块","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn6GYsWui2WIiKsfSvInuFAd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"目的：要使四个底角的各面的颜色与相应中心面颜色对应一致（如图2）。可归为五种情况，如图3~图7。图3和图4为基本形态，图5用公式后会变成图3形态，图6用公式后会变成图5形态，图7用公式后会变成图4形态。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcneWU2W6yuMEGaCsexZwL1Xd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"关键：手拿魔方，白底十字架在下面，只看图中白色位置，只要白色方块出现图中情况，按照公式旋转即可。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn0GQ0a8w6QW4agzjXzepL3f"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":394,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"三阶复原教程","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/51fc025d11da4f5b844f925f2846caf1","width":442},"text":"","id":"doxcn8cam8amqOMoMAnHWTDQoec"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"具体步骤示范：","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcng8isQ0uEeWOwK8RNXGTaxh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"完成十字后我们将整个魔方翻转，使十字朝下。 角块按位置分为顶层和底层两类情况。每类情况中又可按角块白色面朝向分为指向上/下和指向四周两种。最基础的情况是处于顶层白色面指向四周。剩下的三种均可转换成这种情况。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnGAwioowy2weeiO87lIemhe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"基础情况：顶层，白色指向四周。（图3、图4的情况）","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnAwokiww8QMCUSMmbVA9Pbf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"在顶层白色朝右时，R U R'（图4情况，白色归位）","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnOKY2O6YQGMikC4G1Mo4OGb"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":381,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"三阶复原教程","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/7c55d7d32f4d4db1b3b78b3a208886a4","width":380},"text":"","id":"doxcn2MeykUAai2Me8mstLXLYtc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"在顶层白色朝前时，L' U' L（图3情况，白色归位）","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnkqOwU2qMsS0IqjPyJR8R14"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":468,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"三阶复原教程","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/33e3673228cc42f5abda0a758de9bb7b","width":467},"text":"","id":"doxcnKUImGeaMEy0eKUebnjpLte"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"注意角块的朝向。将角块放在目标位置之上，循环RUR'U'直至被还原。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn0uu6GEsW0Y2MGmNsCZe7Cb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"底层角块特殊情况","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnyQK2SCIYUQCayEB7b4mEMc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"角块不是顶层且白色朝外的一律算作特殊情况，都要转化为基础情况。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn4kIQkUs8c4eG69WwUfDzqc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"在顶层白色朝上时，解决办法：R U2 R'，即可转为基础情况","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn2GUMIUIsI0mCAjAmE9lPld"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":256,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"三阶复原教程","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/8bd527242f7943d78ba85a0bfdb38304","width":256},"text":"","id":"doxcnYqiAeUga4aCygFDYUe5lCb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"在底层白色朝外，解决办法：R U2 R'，即可转为基础情况","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnIEqg2eMigigYc1yVmc8Cfh"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":256,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"三阶复原教程","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/5d05cd1f435d45ab9a376335d8eeab66","width":256},"text":"","id":"doxcniaqwqS6AEKmaq8IsT99inh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"3、复原第二层四个棱块","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnCooCEa604GUIwihOLglfJo"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"目的是使第二层的四个棱归位（ 第二层含四个中心块，这四个中心块是固定的，只需复原棱块即可）。可归为两种基本情况，当要复原的棱块在中层，可以先用","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"图8或图8","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"公式把他们转到顶层后，再用下面公式转法即可。（切记：对着图8，手拿魔方，出现图8情况，即可用图8公式。出现图9情况，即可用图9公式。）","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcncEiUWIaA6E6MC2EdadJrKd"},{"type":"imageList","children":[{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":161,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"三阶复原教程","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/eca5988078e84d009646cebf983a7cd7","width":454},"text":"","id":"doxcnCEQIMwGMOIa0K9M1IjqDmb"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":660,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"三阶复原教程","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/cbfdbbbe56dd41e9960a9ed8ca35cb2e","width":1024},"text":"","id":"doxcnsAIUC4SAkGGE2BY51vCdxg"}],"text":"","id":"doxcnEQKI2KwkcYk6ERkWJjEGse"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"4、","id":""},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"顶十字（以黄色为顶，完成顶层四个棱）","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnEQKI2KwkcYk6ERkWJjEGse"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"俯视魔方，只看中心块和四个棱，只要顶层黄色部分出现图中任一这个情况（切记：手拿魔方，顶层看过去的黄色方块方向要跟图片某一种情形一致），均可以使用公式","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"FRUR'U'F","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"'在图10~图13中转换，直到出现图14形态（四个棱和中心颜色都为黄色）。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnYKGYKUiA6kw6g1P4I9wESf"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":259,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"三阶复原教程","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/46691c9b2aba449b9b9a3ab67073737b","width":393},"text":"","id":"doxcnucUkK8cM2c4aAbWVO7Bdxf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"具体示范如下：","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnSoYI64uWecW6uuDoVpdghd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"条形（图12）：","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"转动顶层，让条形指向左右。再用FRUR'U'F'，如下图。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnIM44iEOCmKS4oNwXpXODhe"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":256,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"三阶复原教程","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/0a73e9ef079142e3b04f4ddb305ba2e1","width":256},"text":"","id":"doxcnYEgUoOUKg4qGopa8QjvKLb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"折形（图11）：","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"朝上的棱块一个放在后边一个放在左边，做一遍条形公式就可以转换成条形。所以连做两遍条形公式即可。此过程会出现F和F'连做FRUR'U'F'（FRUR'U'F'），相互抵消，故消去废步后的公式为：F （ R U R' U' ） （ R U R' U' ） F'（若记不住直接记FRUR'U'F'操作两遍即可）","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcngqUmQWiGGaQyAdBIuv5hed"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":256,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"三阶复原教程","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/7cf81460db86447f956e8ed79bab91fc","width":256},"text":"","id":"doxcnUG28qecQwYmmK439Iw5KUb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"点形（图10）：","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"点形做上述公式即转化为另一种二棱情况。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnEYeaUEuYUics0QQkTHdECc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"5、完成顶面（以黄色为顶面）","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnCSCAQuMa8C4EuUgeA91LWd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"俯视魔方，只看黄色方块，会出现下面8种状态之一。手中拿好魔方，顶层黄色出现下图各种位置时，只要黄色所在位置跟图中任一形式一样，使用公式RUR'URU2 R'在图14中转换，即可将顶层颜色全部变为黄色。（切记：手拿魔方时，俯视魔方，顶层黄色位置要跟图中一样，出现任何一种图中情况，用此公式即可。）","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnWg2We4soOY2gUp42gueBuh"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":236,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"三阶复原教程","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/7c35d1bbae3a477997efbc757dc6932d","width":363},"text":"","id":"doxcnsqM2wai0kw0eUBJkfI2Awb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"6、","id":""},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"调整顶层4个角块位置，使其正确归位","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnIyoSIu0suYKMQeAW6ki5q2"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"方法一：","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnkquKiC2yoQ8OozxnEHjXVg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"先调整角块位置：","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"这一步要使四个角块的相对位置归位。观察顶层的侧面，看看是否有一个侧面是两个角块颜色都一样的（连在一起的相对位置正确的角块）。如果有，则将这两个角块放在右侧，做：R2 F2' R' B' R F2' R' B R'","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnmWsQ66SsIeqEn1x5tIyAjP"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":256,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"三阶复原教程","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/514b92f2035a4d4ea6e0639e45e660f9","width":256},"text":"","id":"doxcnsoOkYCEoWwCSqSkkeO6xBf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"如果四个面都没有，做一次上面的公式就有了。另外不要被棱块干扰，角块没做完先不管棱块。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcneO24mygqAYCCEda7baf9wc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"再调整棱块位置：","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"调整项层4个棱块的位置，使其位置正确。顶棱情况依错误的棱块的数量分为两类：三个和四个。不存在两个交换的情况。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcncIMOiS2qQ4waUnDVrxJYpb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"三个棱块依次轮换，让完成的棱块朝后，观察剩余三个棱块是顺时针还是逆时针替换，如果前面颜色对应的棱块在右边，对应顺时针替换：R2 U R U R' U' R' U' R' U R'，可完成复原。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnwmYKySYqA0mMGCs8uxlcnh"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":256,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"三阶复原教程","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/ae731f1eb7894276914881797e8b82d2","width":256},"text":"","id":"doxcnsCoykuCGOCCc8Q815HoBBb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"前面颜色对应的棱块在左边，对应逆时针替换。可以使用公式：L2' U' L' U' L U L U L U' L，可完成复原。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnQskGqGsqSumws7DNnE3Eye"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":256,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"三阶复原教程","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/81f0fa271eac4f70955db8e6ae8bbe9c","width":256},"text":"","id":"doxcnsiUWeOAM28OcOoNrS4Aixb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"四个棱块两两对换：","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"如果前面步骤做完，到最后只是四个角棱块两两相对，跳过上面两个步骤，随机做一个三棱换即可转化为三棱换的情况。可用公式：M2' U M2' U2 M2' U M2'，可完成复原。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnY8KmMcg8AO8UCUo6XgU54b"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":256,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"三阶复原教程","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/e1eb8187507040c6be8c30ae3eeaa496","width":256},"text":"","id":"doxcn8WQS8MoqeqSgO4E4bnyzRd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"方法二：","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"个人喜欢的方法，手拿魔方，俯视魔方，观察顶层四个棱的位置，使用公式F2U' （LR'）F2 （L'R）U'F2在图16中的五种形态之间进行转换，只要一个公式，整个魔方会被复原。（箭头表示不同颜色的方块互换位置，魔方拿法朝向没有要求，只要俯视图是下图即可，出现下列情行就用此公式，即可复原）","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnWIK0QYuqK6wOA7YRWuOJQz"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":193,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"三阶复原教程","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/9d5cb1a5501441338f15cf851957dcd0","width":362},"text":"","id":"doxcnyamcsS6e6Ym02tC8CwWQIg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"至此，三阶魔方复原完成。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnEMKMCwCSywiqOwT2XWGLdh"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"四阶魔方复原","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnUmQoWQoCe4Ye49XuGzPDSZ"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"简介","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnuWmsyccyYaGYOs11H4Iaxf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"四阶魔方被认为是2-5阶魔方玩法中最不好复原的，虽然五阶魔方的变化种类比4阶多，但是四阶魔方的中心块并不固定，也就不容易复原。要点就是要记住各个颜色的相对位置，只有将中心块的颜色按正确的位置还原才能复原整个魔方。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnqOwiYw4iGkaYkVz3a3ojVb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"四阶魔方总共有8个角块，24个中心块和24个棱块。四阶魔方的国际配色是上白下黄、前绿后蓝、左橙右红。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn60cm8uC8kUgioxmJjCLfJd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"四阶魔方复原教程：【四阶魔方基础还原教程（入门降阶法）】 ","id":""},{"type":"external_link","attrs":{"url":"https://b23.tv/7ODSD0a"},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"https://b23.tv/7ODSD0a","id":""}],"text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnkYIK4kKG0S0SI90DgBMHVh"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"四阶复原教程","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnGWyICiSgWkkgWM1B6zo2Qf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"四阶魔方的复原根本恢复思路：","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"调整6面中心块→组合12条棱块→处理特殊情况→恢复四阶魔方","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnQ8W26io6ywicIvUAm4lSec"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"一般选择使用降阶法来恢复四阶魔方，即指将高阶魔方转换成三阶魔方的状态，然后依照三阶魔方的恢复办法进行恢复。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn86auUi2yiW80EvNIwmrbcg"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":215,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"四阶复原教程","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/d8ff71be9b824c6aaad8c9db289f356d","width":551},"text":"","id":"doxcn2uCyWEmISmU0MnH3wT6MHd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"1、调整四阶魔方六面中心块","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnIEU6yGaGkgAKKwSts59DMe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"因为四阶魔方并没有固定的中心块，所以在进行这个步骤之前，必需要记住6面的色彩方位。下面就罗列出在拼中心块的过程呈现的8个状况。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnIOSsgGQeKKG4TAHYperbGx"},{"type":"imageList","children":[{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":299,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"四阶复原教程","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/d2c9a6fef36448578ad7434f311fe8ba","width":464},"text":"","id":"doxcn42OsUaC6wOUasPuEOlW8Ac"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":315,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"四阶复原教程","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/a09cad9f87e04bc895d4f28fd27e5267","width":490},"text":"","id":"doxcnSsK4gAOqIYOGAdrrJOwLot"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":315,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"四阶复原教程","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/a09cad9f87e04bc895d4f28fd27e5267","width":490},"text":"","id":"doxcnSsK4gAOqIYOGAdrrJOwLot"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":298,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"四阶复原教程","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/0a01dae075a8414996e3efd580bf6138","width":474},"text":"","id":"doxcn6i40wwYYS40y4S8wjhL1Ed"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":298,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"四阶复原教程","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/0a01dae075a8414996e3efd580bf6138","width":474},"text":"","id":"doxcn6i40wwYYS40y4S8wjhL1Ed"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":375,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"四阶复原教程","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/8de72dcea08a487e83c8426248136508","width":481},"text":"","id":"doxcnEC0IwSGOEK0ioVGkgA7Q8f"}],"text":"","id":"doxcnoaQYKgKieISUyEnH7EcQIe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"2、合并12条棱块","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnoaQYKgKieISUyEnH7EcQIe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"拼好魔方的六面中心块后，接下来需要把24个棱块按照颜色相同的棱块两两合并来组合成12个棱块，这和三阶魔方状态是一样的了，最终效果如下第一张图所示。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnKOuEeIEgGAQGQj89PN09Ec"},{"type":"imageList","children":[{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":243,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"四阶复原教程","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/ceb75d46eb784aefa7a144df14c3f868","width":444},"text":"","id":"doxcnyQUKMioKSq2UYzWthr9ZSc"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":350,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"四阶复原教程","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/67e411025ca64ffb8442e030239056ad","width":495},"text":"","id":"doxcnu6EYWOQUqEsC0ky0NEJdGc"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":350,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"四阶复原教程","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/67e411025ca64ffb8442e030239056ad","width":495},"text":"","id":"doxcnu6EYWOQUqEsC0ky0NEJdGc"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":388,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"四阶复原教程","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/be0479b7a52d447f852b70c4d7bc9658","width":448},"text":"","id":"doxcnsGoEKg2KUym4G4HpUYLHYb"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":388,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"四阶复原教程","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/be0479b7a52d447f852b70c4d7bc9658","width":448},"text":"","id":"doxcnsGoEKg2KUym4G4HpUYLHYb"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":270,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"四阶复原教程","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/3da3e20963524ec4bb4ca9e42d68317d","width":447},"text":"","id":"doxcnE6oy6yyK464qwTrcSDPLkh"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":270,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"四阶复原教程","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/3da3e20963524ec4bb4ca9e42d68317d","width":447},"text":"","id":"doxcnE6oy6yyK464qwTrcSDPLkh"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":380,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"四阶复原教程","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/c256f0f7241848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","id":""},{"type":"external_link","attrs":{"url":"https://b23.tv/vFljBK0"},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"https://b23.tv/vFljBK0","id":""}],"text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnwIaMEyOmas84GSG9qI6MHg"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"五阶复原教程","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcncWWIwk8USSO2Y73kNEJs4d"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"1、还原底面中心块（以黄色中心块为例）","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnwwwI2y0wAKyEiCq6PByvle"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"对于奇数阶魔方来说，还原中心块需要先还原中心的3*1的一道，如图。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnsskGoi6Ais6Q2nDjFY2Cge"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":581,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"五阶复原教程","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/67caeab779cb4ffabfc137655a0f5380","width":617},"text":"","id":"doxcnKkeE0gCI800kcHeVhV264e"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"然后再在中间面（除底面和顶面的四个面）上还原出3*1的一道，再移至底面，如图。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcngiOUOKeyMCMIInMMIFzKFh"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":610,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"五阶复原教程","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/5d86613fd0be409d9ad15bf470a60716","width":593},"text":"","id":"doxcnsigQA0a8sEmCsrQjgtxv3c"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"以此方法还原底面。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnqOUUg6eg82YmqKCMwNTb2b"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"2、还原顶面中心块（白色）","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnaoSeoUS2q2ge8DfLJdm5Sd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"顶面也就是与底面相对的那一面。同样要注意首先先还原中间3*1的一道。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnY0yoYOC6syYkOwxeBAqthf"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":619,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"五阶复原教程","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/4ed17e1256c548c79d22efd820ed9f7c","width":626},"text":"","id":"doxcnCUOcymiYeCUkiyu9CBsLRf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"然后再在中间面（除底面和顶面的四个面）上创造出顶面中心块的边缘3*1的一道，再移至顶面（注意不要打乱底面，可用图示方法）","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnSqewceYeuKe0cnGuDmELJe"},{"type":"imageList","children":[{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":752,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"五阶复原教程","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/919da73b3bca4fa6a4203d11be6c7cfa","width":650},"text":"","id":"doxcnoMeyYUIqaQQ8cBj26mZA6f"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":711,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"五阶复原教程","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/2608e9e906c24432a21ef94874f825ad","width":625},"text":"","id":"doxcngkmqEeMIaGUaWywVEo8Sbh"}],"text":"","id":"doxcnSYK2OUIAIsI4e6aQ2iO9ae"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"3、还原中间面的中心块 ","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnSYK2OUIAIsI4e6aQ2iO9ae"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"中间面的还原需要一个面再接着相邻的一个面进行还原。首先还是先还原一个中心块的中间的3＊1的一道。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnGoWGgESsSAq4AZpm9OmLad"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":582,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"五阶复原教程","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/2c7f2fa702584f5185ab5fcd39a738f3","width":548},"text":"","id":"doxcnEiamIiAscM6AtpK7c2OCLa"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"然后在未还原的三个中间面还原出相应中心块面的边缘3＊1的一道，再移至相应的中心块上，以此方式还原这个中心面。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn0SMMU6m6kgACSwew9fFuZc"},{"type":"imageList","children":[{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":552,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"五阶复原教程","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/045583746c684ad89a4fa19cc73f3701","width":578},"text":"","id":"doxcnMiKQkaQqomI0YjNSYVi3oc"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":487,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"五阶复原教程","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/847af70ef33c4f27882a89826dac7a89","width":525},"text":"","id":"doxcneceYiyU4yeu0GS02HBBKnd"}],"text":"","id":"doxcns0wMEGQoMWQQQHasY6TWbf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"然后进行还原此中心面的相邻中心面，首先还是先还原此中心面的中间3＊1的一道，为避免其他面被打乱，可用图示方式。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcns0wMEGQoMWQQQHasY6TWbf"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":651,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"五阶复原教程","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/4c50f4f0242e49cd9979201361014e23","width":609},"text":"","id":"doxcnwIMmW8C6IAE2kvnPS419ui"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"然后再在剩下两个中心面上还原出相应中心块所需的边缘3＊1的一道，移至相应中心面上，为防止已还原的中心块被打乱，可用图示方式。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnYaIssSouOgwWO6rw7Xn2ac"},{"type":"imageList","children":[{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":606,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"五阶复原教程","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/c0240ceb4b9d43cca17071e2f4dffce4","width":616},"text":"","id":"doxcngQW2WYmqk2sColkStdqtee"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":682,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"五阶复原教程","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/bb67dbfc10d244bea0bba8fff90118b4","width":561},"text":"","id":"doxcn44UO2kGwUk2GiiwWKURGEh"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":682,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"五阶复原教程","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/bb67dbfc10d244bea0bba8fff90118b4","width":561},"text":"","id":"doxcn44UO2kGwUk2GiiwWKURGEh"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":637,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"五阶复原教程","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/0d37e6e074bf451092bb30e83f4c6667","width":587},"text":"","id":"doxcnWGmWsWwGCoSQox6H3WbxSg"}],"text":"","id":"doxcnOkS6QgOUwMW6yL0wjghX2N"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"为防止已还原的部分被破坏，可使用下列方式：U'F'中间层RU中间层R'","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnOkS6QgOUwMW6yL0wjghX2N"},{"type":"imageList","children":[{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":561,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"五阶复原教程","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/602c1abb8d9b4bc1a19b50256a7fe6c2","width":590},"text":"","id":"doxcn664Ms0OueSocqSk8ES1Btg"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":620,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"五阶复原教程","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/1e5900a13a6448b3a0d9cd429ae05d26","width":648},"text":"","id":"doxcnAaIMO8eCy8kGyUPKtf70tf"}],"text":"","id":"doxcnwSqY8s6W6GOSgZWNZcqKcd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"最后两个面的还原，首先先用以多还少的方式还原大部分（情况如之前提到所示），然后再用下列两个公式还原特殊情况。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnwSqY8s6W6GOSgZWNZcqKcd"},{"type":"imageList","children":[{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":727,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"五阶复原教程","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/65e021e15f7a41a7bc7186e85581e4a0","width":657},"text":"","id":"doxcnG0a2GiouM6CQYhh6w5f2Dh"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":689,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"五阶复原教程","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/51d6c5017e0c4bacb8c28d397e60c5f1","width":648},"text":"","id":"doxcn04CaGMW0aS2Eg1JD5bKQ2c"}],"text":"","id":"doxcnAY42AeUqIS2AJ7yUdzMyO2"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"4、还原顶面与底面的八大棱块 ","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnAY42AeUqIS2AJ7yUdzMyO2"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"这一步与四阶相似，都是要先把3＊1的棱块的三个小块找到，根据图示方法使三个小块放到图示的位置。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnuseCCIwQ2qm4aUr7n2Kejg"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":689,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"五阶复原教程","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/506f4a7433464258ab9202061978e1e8","width":639},"text":"","id":"doxcniOoWsEeW4sOyQ93m2Aswoc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"再移动中间层的面，使三个小块合成一个3＊1的棱块，再将它放至底面或顶面的位置。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnqEiYmYYMiccsaC0FJDcpoh"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":480,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"五阶复原教程","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/66bf2b65472540afbf6729c50576da59","width":640},"text":"","id":"doxcnQieSSi4U6YOYAHO7exO8eg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"5、还原中间面的四大棱块","id":""},{"type":"text","text":" ","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn0uCQ2qyuwUyMEhMdSf0kid"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"这一步使用的是四阶的公式，只是将公式稍微变形一下，具体情况如图。然后，最后会遇上特殊情况，解决方法如图。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn42Ws4OMqYoqYK8PHdS9wFe"},{"type":"imageList","children":[{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":557,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"五阶复原教程","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/54ef908152b44f789e469364193c9fb7","width":602},"text":"","id":"doxcn8umGiG8O8O4iiy7u4NaOlb"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":419,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"五阶复原教程","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/f97c0e05f11d4103b6c495a86f8df6d9","width":568},"text":"","id":"doxcnSw8K6gykA0cuMJWLHCOdPe"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":419,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"五阶复原教程","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/f97c0e05f11d4103b6c495a86f8df6d9","width":568},"text":"","id":"doxcnSw8K6gykA0cuMJWLHCOdPe"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":401,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"五阶复原教程","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/4eb38c0566284245b7d15d8a8f75ae8e","width":529},"text":"","id":"doxcno6E6g2swewyq0smixBQQRf"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":401,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"五阶复原教程","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/4eb38c0566284245b7d15d8a8f75ae8e","width":529},"text":"","id":"doxcno6E6g2swewyq0smixBQQRf"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":371,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"五阶复原教程","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/dc0b19b50f894596bd696f84a8b19d88","width":477},"text":"","id":"doxcnGG2KyySiew8QsB53JAMBgf"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":371,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"五阶复原教程","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/dc0b19b50f894596bd696f84a8b19d88","width":477},"text":"","id":"doxcnGG2KyySiew8QsB53JAMBgf"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":699,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"五阶复原教程","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/1040f8ea87084969a485c0c8b2c1faab","width":1024},"text":"","id":"doxcn4KCYcs0kIguaYX0mWjgBLb"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":699,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"五阶复原教程","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/1040f8ea87084969a485c0c8b2c1faab","width":1024},"text":"","id":"doxcn4KCYcs0kIguaYX0mWjgBLb"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":693,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"五阶复原教程","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/ec7d191b12154bb99f74d3b75d59505d","width":1024},"text":"","id":"doxcnmimKS40gYcuaILIshiqfIg"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":693,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"五阶复原教程","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/ec7d191b12154bb99f74d3b75d59505d","width":1024},"text":"","id":"doxcnmimKS40gYcuaILIshiqfIg"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":432,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"五阶复原教程","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/3e300921257d493184d8804aa9d1e22b","width":601},"text":"","id":"doxcnsEgEeeO4ciumWk3WhL6Vqd"}],"text":"","id":"doxcnAOG68U8UU0EW3P1CoVo5zM"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"6、至此，可将降阶的五阶魔方看做三阶魔方进行还原。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnAOG68U8UU0EW3P1CoVo5zM"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"高阶复原要点","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn6Us06UWGSEYA0Ek2mcx35e"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"“降阶法”是还原高阶魔方的通用方法。“降阶”步骤及各步骤中的转法思路，均可应用于所有高阶魔方还原中。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnqKoqYMu6gAIsmEIP0N1O4f"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"高阶魔方，可以分为奇数阶与偶数阶。偶数阶魔方，与四阶魔方类似，因“中心块”相对位置不固定，所以在“还原中心块”时需要注意相对位置，且降阶后可能需要“特殊情况校正”这一步骤，将降阶后的“三阶魔方”修正为“标准情况”；奇数阶魔方，因“中心块”相对位置是固定的，所以“复原中心块”时较易，且完成降阶后的“三阶魔方”即为“标准情况”，不需校正。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnSyYscqaQo2coH1GGNN3oEo"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"总之，只要掌握降阶法的原理，所有高阶魔方均可迎刃而解。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcneca26eU8Eiwqo93EJz14Bh"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"异形魔方复原","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnsYY0CgyYUuWKILM6HxxXKg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"异形魔方相对原始魔方的变化较大，但是原理基本上相同，一般都可以看成二阶或三阶的魔方，当然有些异形魔方还是比较难还原的。常见的异形魔方有六色五魔方、钻石魔方及金字塔魔方等，一起来看一下金字塔魔方复原教程吧。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn2aoomGSWAqwYaeK1ud8VEg"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"金字塔魔方复原","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnMqg0MGoq4qQsOknem6qxGb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"金字塔魔方属于异形魔方，在结构上跟之前的三阶二阶魔方是完全不同的。但是，金字塔魔方还原的原理跟三阶魔方是有一些共同点的，一般是先预留黄色面作为底面，先还原黄色底面再还原其他颜色面。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnWYQi68WKmsA6cG5b62cS79"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"金字塔魔方复原视频教程：【超级简单！零基础学会金字塔魔方！】 ","id":""},{"type":"external_link","attrs":{"url":"https://b23.tv/IbSq1au"},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"https://b23.tv/IbSq1au","id":""}],"text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn0miWcii6GOC4cfMUIxu40d"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"1、金字塔还原的第一步","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnuoUgU0WYIgiwAtzW1yCFde"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"还原出一个黄色底面的“十字架”，上图三个黄色块就是金字塔“十字架”。如下图所示：","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnEQiWIs666s4AOQitjGJvcc"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":503,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"金字塔魔方复原","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/e2a183f8275f4c69aa667ff06835ff4a","width":635},"text":"","id":"doxcnGW2aEmsqccQyGAEZWGGUUx"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"2、金字塔还原的第二步","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnweimuaWMKuKkYJ7KfPKCSe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"金字塔底层公式：右下、左下、右上、左上","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn24MEa6Yq0SiaK8V9eIp1t3"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":" 左下、右下、左上、右上","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnEKqmCs6IkWEcM9Bvbp7Rlc"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":317,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"金字塔魔方复原","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/5e89982d86fe42099af10e226877dde8","width":676},"text":"","id":"doxcnCSG6AEcoe0egkVxhh5Wxtf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"金字塔顶面公式：右下、顶右、右上、顶右、右下、顶右、右上","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn6GSCso8omSAMSo86O8dIAd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":" 左下、右下、左上、右上、顶左、右上、顶右、右下","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn8ugakoS2kSI0uCngWickAg"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":228,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"金字塔魔方复原","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/bdd7c1904e1e49729c91cb9fdac289fe","width":689},"text":"","id":"doxcnmmW2EIY88YCQYH4C0G1yWf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnwwEIwOUYe6GG4aSSaK2neA"}]%3C%2Fhowto_content%3E
2. kaf67减速机转速
额定质量：1490kg
整备质量：2160kg
整车长度：5430mm
整车宽度：1930mm
整车高度：2160mm
货箱长度：3670mm
货箱宽度：1810mm
货箱高度：360mm
前轮距：1415mm
后轮距：1425mm
轴距：2800mm
发动机型号：锡柴 4DW93-84E3F
发动机形式：4缸直列、直喷、
增压中冷、电控单体泵/
电控共轨/直列泵+EGR
最大功率：67Kw
最大功率转速：3000rpm
最大扭矩：220N.m
最大扭矩转速：1900-2100rpm
最大马力：90马力
排量：2540mL燃油种类：柴油
排放标准：国三
变速箱型号：5-20
换挡方式：手动
前进档位数：5个
倒档档位数：1个
底盘型号：BJ1043V8JD5-S1
板簧片数：7/7+5
前桥描述：前桥允许载荷1516KG
后桥描述：后桥允许载荷2274KG
轮胎数量：6个
轮胎规格：6.50-16,6.50R16,
7.00-16,7.00R16
3. ka67齿轮减速机
螺旋伞齿轮减速机：K37、K47、K67、K77、K87、K97、K107、K127、K157、K167、K187；T系列螺旋伞齿轮转向箱：T2、T4、T6、T7、T8、T10、T12、T16、T20、T25；
R系列硬齿面齿轮减速机：R31、R37、R41、R471、R61、R67、R71、R77、R81、R87、R91、R97、R101、R107、R121、R137、R147、R151、R167；F系列平行轴减速机F37、F47、F67、F77、F87、F97、F107、F127、F157；S系列斜齿轮--蜗轮减速机：S37、S47、S57、S67、S77、S87、S97、S107、S127；H、B系列硬齿面工业齿轮箱： H2-5、H2-6、H2-7、H2-8、H2-9、H2-10、H2-11、H2-12、H2-13、H2-14；H3-5……H3-14；H4-7……H4-14；B2-5… …B2-14；B3-5……B2-14；B2-7……B4-14、NMRV蜗轮减速机：RV30、RV40、RV50、RV63、RV75、RV90、RV110、RV130；
WB系列微型摆线针轮减速机：WB65、WB85、WB100、WB120、WB150；X、B系列摆线针轮减速机：X1、X2、X3、X4、X5、X6、X7、X8、X9、X10、X11；B09、B10、B11、B12、B13、B14、B15、B16、B17、B18、B22、B27、B33、B39、B45、B55；
MB系列无级变速机：MB02、MB04、MB07、MB15、MB22、MB40、MB55、MB75；G系列全封闭齿轮减速机；G18、G22、G28、G32、G40、G50、等各系列产品
4. kaf37减速机
af850防冻冷却液挺好的，适用于所有要求使用通用汽车DEX-COOL防冻液的车型，并且达到了主要汽车制造工厂灌装防冻液的品质。其中50%的防冻液可以提供温度和防腐保护，50%的特质软化水可以为冷却系统提供散热保护。和AF2100CN型一样，这款防冻液的温度保护范围为-37~129℃。
5. kaf67减速机技术参数
unsignedchar*puchMsg;/*要进行CRC校验的消息*/
unsignedshortusDataLen;/*消息中字节数*/
unsignedshortCRC16(puchMsg,usDataLen)
{
unsignedcharuchCRCHi=0xFF;/*高CRC字节初始化*/
unsignedcharuchCRCLo=0xFF;/*低CRC字节初始化*/
unsigneduIndex;/*CRC循环中的索引*/
while(usDataLen--)/*传输消息缓冲区*/
{
uIndex=uchCRCHi^*puchMsg++;/*计算CRC*/
uchCRCHi=uchCRCLo^auchCRCHi[uIndex];
uchCRCLo=auchCRCLo[uIndex];
}
return((uchCRCHi<<8)|uchCRCLo);
}
/*CRC高位字节值表*/
staticunsignedcharauchCRCHi[]={
0x00,0xC1,0x81,0x40,0x01,0xC0,0x80,0x41,0x01,0xC0,
0x80,0x41,0x00,0xC1,0x81,0x40,0x01,0xC0,0x80,0x41,
0x00,0xC1,0x81,0x40,0x00,0xC1,0x81,0x40,0x01,0xC0,
0x80,0x41,0x01,0xC0,0x80,0x41,0x00,0xC1,0x81,0x40,
0x00,0xC1,0x81,0x40,0x01,0xC0,0x80,0x41,0x00,0xC1,
0x81,0x40,0x01,0xC0,0x80,0x41,0x01,0xC0,0x80,0x41,
0x00,0xC1,0x81,0x40,0x01,0xC0,0x80,0x41,0x00,0xC1,
0x81,0x40,0x00,0xC1,0x81,0x40,0x01,0xC0,0x80,0x41,
0x00,0xC1,0x81,0x40,0x01,0xC0,0x80,0x41,0x01,0xC0,
0x80,0x41,0x00,0xC1,0x81,0x40,0x00,0xC1,0x81,0x40,
0x01,0xC0,0x80,0x41,0x01,0xC0,0x80,0x41,0x00,0xC1,
0x81,0x40,0x01,0xC0,0x80,0x41,0x00,0xC1,0x81,0x40,
0x00,0xC1,0x81,0x40,0x01,0xC0,0x80,0x41,0x01,0xC0,
0x80,0x41,0x00,0xC1,0x81,0x40,0x00,0xC1,0x81,0x40,
0x01,0xC0,0x80,0x41,0x00,0xC1,0x81,0x40,0x01,0xC0,
0x80,0x41,0x01,0xC0,0x80,0x41,0x00,0xC1,0x81,0x40,
0x00,0xC1,0x81,0x40,0x01,0xC0,0x80,0x41,0x01,0xC0,
0x80,0x41,0x00,0xC1,0x81,0x40,0x01,0xC0,0x80,0x41,
0x00,0xC1,0x81,0x40,0x00,0xC1,0x81,0x40,0x01,0xC0,
0x80,0x41,0x00,0xC1,0x81,0x40,0x01,0xC0,0x80,0x41,
0x01,0xC0,0x80,0x41,0x00,0xC1,0x81,0x40,0x01,0xC0,
0x80,0x41,0x00,0xC1,0x81,0x40,0x00,0xC1,0x81,0x40,
0x01,0xC0,0x80,0x41,0x01,0xC0,0x80,0x41,0x00,0xC1,
0x81,0x40,0x00,0xC1,0x81,0x40,0x01,0xC0,0x80,0x41,
0x00,0xC1,0x81,0x40,0x01,0xC0,0x80,0x41,0x01,0xC0,
0x80,0x41,0x00,0xC1,0x81,0x40
};
//CRC低位字节值表
staticcharauchCRCLo[]={
0x00,0xC0,0xC1,0x01,0xC3,0x03,0x02,0xC2,0xC6,0x06,
0x07,0xC7,0x05,0xC5,0xC4,0x04,0xCC,0x0C,0x0D,0xCD,
0x0F,0xCF,0xCE,0x0E,0x0A,0xCA,0xCB,0x0B,0xC9,0x09,
0x08,0xC8,0xD8,0x18,0x19,0xD9,0x1B,0xDB,0xDA,0x1A,
0x1E,0xDE,0xDF,0x1F,0xDD,0x1D,0x1C,0xDC,0x14,0xD4,
0xD5,0x15,0xD7,0x17,0x16,0xD6,0xD2,0x12,0x13,0xD3,
0x11,0xD1,0xD0,0x10,0xF0,0x30,0x31,0xF1,0x33,0xF3,
0xF2,0x32,0x36,0xF6,0xF7,0x37,0xF5,0x35,0x34,0xF4,
0x3C,0xFC,0xFD,0x3D,0xFF,0x3F,0x3E,0xFE,0xFA,0x3A,
0x3B,0xFB,0x39,0xF9,0xF8,0x38,0x28,0xE8,0xE9,0x29,
0xEB,0x2B,0x2A,0xEA,0xEE,0x2E,0x2F,0xEF,0x2D,0xED,
0xEC,0x2C,0xE4,0x24,0x25,0xE5,0x27,0xE7,0xE6,0x26,
0x22,0xE2,0xE3,0x23,0xE1,0x21,0x20,0xE0,0xA0,0x60,
0x61,0xA1,0x63,0xA3,0xA2,0x62,0x66,0xA6,0xA7,0x67,
0xA5,0x65,0x64,0xA4,0x6C,0xAC,0xAD,0x6D,0xAF,0x6F,
0x6E,0xAE,0xAA,0x6A,0x6B,0xAB,0x69,0xA9,0xA8,0x68,
0x78,0xB8,0xB9,0x79,0xBB,0x7B,0x7A,0xBA,0xBE,0x7E,
0x7F,0xBF,0x7D,0xBD,0xBC,0x7C,0xB4,0x74,0x75,0xB5,
0x77,0xB7,0xB6,0x76,0x72,0xB2,0xB3,0x73,0xB1,0
x71,
0x70,0xB0,0x50,0x90,0x91,0x51,0x93,0x53,0x52,0x92,
0x96,0x56,0x57,0x97,0x55,0x95,0x94,0x54,0x9C,0x5C,
0x5D,0x9D,0x5F,0x9F,0x9E,0x5E,0x5A,0x9A,0x9B,0x5B,
0x99,0x59,0x58,0x98,0x88,0x48,0x49,0x89,0x4B,0x8B,
0x8A,0x4A,0x4E,0x8E,0x8F,0x4F,0x8D,0x4D,0x4C,0x8C,
0x44,0x84,0x85,0x45,0x87,0x47,0x46,0x86,0x82,0x42,
0x43,0x83,0x41,0x81,0x80,0x40
6. kaf67r37齿轮减速机
减速机型号区别，你看，RC37、RC47、RC57、RC67、RC77、RC87、RC9、RC107、RC137、RC147、RC167、RC187
7. kaf67减速机结构图
家里要购买洗衣机的话，就要注意做好保养工作，避免洗衣机出现故障，影响了使用。洗衣机在使用中出现故障要及时查找原因并进行维修。市面上常见的洗衣机（海尔，美的等品牌）。
洗衣机零件介绍
电机和电容
电机是发动力，可驱动渡轮完成衣服的洗涤和脱水。电容一般洗衣机是用单项电容起动式，主要作用是增大电动机的启动力矩。
程序控制器
简称程控器，是控制洗衣机系统的中心部件，整个洗衣机的操作都是由程控器来支配的，它的结构较为复杂，有机械式(电机式)和电脑式(电子式)之分。
水位开关
为控制水量，还设计水位开关。水位开关一般有3-4档，使用时可按衣服量选择水位，当达到指定水位时，水位开关会将电磁进水阀的电路切断，从而停止进水。之后，在通过程控器，将电机电路接通，开始洗涤工作。
安全开关
它主要是起到安全保障的作用，当洗衣机的盖子被打开，洗衣机就会停止脱水工作，会把电源切断，还会把电磁铁的电路处在刹车状态，这样保证了使用的安全性。
电磁进水阀
电磁进水阀位于洗衣机上罩的后部，是为洗衣机进水的自动控制系统而设计的。当需要进水时，程控器将它的电路接通，可以打开进水通道，向洗衣机内注水。
排水电磁铁
与排水阀连接在一起，用于排水阀开启和关闭，主要作用是通过刹车带抱紧或放松脱水轴，完成脱水准备和刹车工作。
洗衣机故障
通过洗衣机不同的情况表现，甄别出具体的故障点出在什么地方。判断出洗衣机故障后，在对症下药，具体对应故障如下：
不进水
1、进水阀线圈短路引起线圈骨架变形，使铁芯始终封闭泄压孔，引起进水阀不进水；
2、铁芯弹簧生锈，使铁芯不能上、下移动，始终封闭泄压孔，引起进水阀不进水；
3、泄压孔被堵（如沙子、异物等），使控制腔内水无法流出，于是控制腔内的静压力迅速升。
脱水无力
1、皮带松弛，磨损拉长，使皮带运转打滑无法带动脱水桶运转，引起脱水无力；
2、离合器方线扭簧磨损直径变大生锈，使方线扭簧无法抱紧脱水轴带动脱水桶正常运转，引起脱水无力。
电容损坏
电容损坏一般会易引起洗涤，脱水无力，电机不转动
离合器损坏
洗衣机出现脱水声音大，脱水无力，只能单向反转，不能正转，离合器抱簧坏的情况出现。当衣服少的情况下机器能够保证有一个比较高的初速度使得机器尽快高速旋转起来。而衣服多了以后机器没法产生一个较高的初速度从而使得洗衣桶摆动变大。
控制板损坏
洗衣机控制板损坏会出现电机无法转动，不脱水和不进水等故障。
排水电机损坏
排水电机正常值应为4.5~5.1kΩ。洗衣机甩干桶电机的阻值一般是主绕组为65到95欧。副绕组为110到200欧。洗衣机的额定电压是200V，即洗衣机在电压时220V才能正常工作，洗衣机的洗涤时的额定功率是360W，即洗衣机在220V时，洗涤的功率是360W，洗衣机的最大工作电流为5A。洗衣机主要是在水位开关与电磁进水阀之间的调控进行进水跟排水的的，在一定的情况下，排水跟排水以及电机开关，可以实现自动化的控制，水位开关说白了就是一个压力开关而已。然后洗衣机的气室入口与洗衣机的衣桶是相互连接的。具体阻值还得依机型来定，详情请看洗衣机说明书。选用电阻时常有阻值选择的问题，往往遇到选用的阻值是不常用电阻，或特殊阻值很难制造的贴片、插件电阻。
皮带松
造成洗衣机皮带松掉的主要是以下原因：1、皮带受潮。2、皮带使用时间过长导致受损。
放水异常
1、进水电磁阀损坏，造成水阀不工作水无法进入管路。
2、进水电磁阀连接线断，使电磁阀无驱动电压而不工作最终水无法进入管路。
3、进水电磁阀驱动电路故障，造成电磁阀无法正常开启，水无法注入管路。
4、可能是排水开关损坏，使开关闭死不动，水无法排出。
5、可能是排水口堵塞，排水口内部有异物造成排水口严重堵塞而无法排水。
6，容器内的水位传感器，将感受到的水位信号传送到控制器，控制器内的计算机将实测的水位信号与设定信号进行比较，得出偏差，然后根据偏差的性质，向给水电动阀发出"开""关"的指令，保证容器达到设定水位。进水程序完成后，温控部份的计算机向供给热媒的电动阀发出"开"的指令，于是系统开始对容器内的水进行加热。到设定温度时。控制器才发出关阀的命令、切断热源，系统进入保温状态。洗衣机水位传感器损坏的原因：导管破裂、入嘴与导管连接处漏气、内部隔膜穿孔、触点接触不良等。洗衣机水位传感器坏了会引起进水不良，有的洗衣机可能会引起脱水不良故障。
脱水异常
这种情况一般要检查；洗衣机甩水不平衡导致保护，吊杆、防撞开关都有可能出故障。显示故障代码的诊断方法，显示故障代码，维修并不难，一般情况下出现故障代码，应该检查安全开关，排水电机，控制板等。
1、洗衣机不工作则会显示“dE”“dE1”“dE2”，出现这种情况，应及时检查洗衣机的上盖或者机器门有没有关好。如果是波轮式，则将上盖关好，机器会自动恢复正常。滚筒式的话则检查衣物是否均匀放置在内筒里面，避免有衣物夹在门缝中，并确认门已关严，再次试机。
2、洗衣机显示e1，若是出现这类代码表示洗衣机排水超时，应及时检查洗衣机排水管是否被堵。
3、洗衣机显示H，若出现这种情况，一种是脱水安全门开关坏了，建议更换。第二种则是脱水电路异常。
故障排除
确认好故障点之后，就是针对性的去处理故障问题，不同的故障利用或修或换的方式进行排除，海尔洗衣机为例，具体方法如下：
解决方法
进水量未达到设定水位时就停止进水
1、可能是水压开关水位控制弹簧预压缩量变小，需要调节螺钉，增加水位控制弹簧的预压缩量，这个比较好解决。
2、若是水位控制弹簧弹力变小或失去弹性，那就需要更换水位控制弹簧，注意它的型号要相同。
进水量必须超过设定水位较多后才会停止进水
1、应该是水压开关集气室，容易导致气接嘴有堵塞或漏气的问题，先清洁导气接嘴处杂物，以后定期检查。
2、若使用时间比较长。导气软管出现老化扭结或破裂漏气，需要更换导气软管。
程序进入洗涤状态时，电机转动正常，但波轮不转
1、遇到这样的情况，直接检查电机皮带轮，离合器带轮和波轮的紧固情况，若有螺钉松动，滑丝或断裂，请对应的工具对它进行检修。
2、若是三角皮带打滑或脱落，需要在调大电机和离合器距离，并在三角皮带上擦些松香粉，增大它的摩擦。
洗涤时脱水桶跟转
1、一般是制动带松脱，让制动带对脱水轴的制动力矩减小，先关闭电源，然后让它重新安装好。
2、也可能是制动带严重磨损或损坏，可先通过旋转调节螺钉，然后适当的调节，增加制动带对脱水轴的制动力矩。
洗涤时，电机正反向运转正常，而波轮只能单向反转，不能正转
1、根据使用的经验来看，离合器工作位置不到位时，方丝离合簧不能被拨松，让洗涤轴和脱水轴被离合簧抱紧；脱水轴在洗涤状态下被制动带抱紧。
2、当离合器皮带轮以顺时针方向运转时，不能让波轮转动，当离合器皮带轮逆时针方向反转时，离合器方向离合簧旋松方向，需要适当的调节螺钉，让棘爪拨叉和制动杆间隙处于一个正常范围。
排水速度变慢
1、当洗衣机的排水速度变慢，可能是排水阀内部有杂物或排水软管弯折变形，既然已经知道了原因，先清除排水阀内杂物，保持软管畅通。
2、若排水拉杆和橡胶阀门间隙变大，要适当调小排水拉杆和橡胶阀门的间隙，避免出现异常问题。
3、排水阀内弹簧太长或失去弹性。只要更换内弹簧即可。
排水不净
1、自己推测是水压开关性能不良或空气管路漏气，让集气室内空气压力变小，盛水桶内水位没有下降到规定位置，水压开关触点便提前动作。
2、想办法找到空气管路漏气位置，然后用401胶密封，若水压开关损坏，尽快更换水压一个相同型号的开关。
维修完毕
排除故障后，检查机体是否恢复正常使用，最好是使用一次，全程下来看看，是否还存在类似的问题，如果没有，说明维修完毕了，反之就需要进行重新进行以上步骤。
洗衣机维护
俗话都说，洗衣机三分用七分养，维修之后更是需要保养维护。维修之后，需要做的维护如下：
机体
可以用柔软布及温和的洗涤剂(如厨房用洗涤剂和肥皂水)清洁机体。
注意：不要直接向机体淋水；不要使用去污粉、稀释剂或含有酒精或煤油的产品。
窗玻璃及窗密封垫
洗衣机每次使用结束后，清除窗密封垫上的物件；擦去窗玻璃及窗密封垫上的线屑及污垢；适时打开机门进行通风。
洗涤剂盒
洗涤剂盒需要定时清洗，避免洗涤剂残留并滋生出霉菌。
1、按压洗涤剂盒，弹开后再向外拉出。
2、按下中间凸起部即可安全拉出。
3、用双手大拇指如图小箭头方向适当用力扩张，同时大拇指向上推出柔软剂盖子，将其从洗涤剂盒中取出。
4、用水将残留的洗涤剂洗去，然后用布将洗涤剂盒上的水擦干净。
5、柔软剂盖子下压到洗涤剂盒的原本位置。确认两边及后侧的卡爪均到位，然后通过插入的方式装回洗涤剂盒。
排水过滤器
建议至少每个月清洁一次排水过滤器。过滤器会堆积线屑，使排水不畅。
1、关闭电源并拔下电源插头。
2、按压前盖板B右侧，打开前盖板B，放置一个容器以接收排出的水。
3、拉出泵软管，拔下管塞使水流出。
4、在水全部排出后，将排水过滤器逆时针转动旋开。然后往外拉出。（松开排水过滤器要小心。可能会有更多水排出。这是正常现象。)
5、清除上面的毛绒及线屑。
6、回排水过滤器。
7、将管塞塞回泵软管中，装回原位置，关闭前盖板B。
8、注意：排放热水时务必小心；排水过滤器务必顺时针转动旋进到位，否则将造成漏水，并导致前盖板无法正常关闭。
进水阀过滤网
定期取下进水管，清除过滤网上的污垢。
为防止溅水，取下进水管前，请按以下步骤进行。
1、关闭水龙头。
2、按下电源键打开电源。
3、按下一键智洗。
4、1分钟后关闭电源。水已从进水管中排出。
5、拧松进水管将其取下。
6、使用牙刷来的小刷子，清洁洗衣机背面的进水阀过滤网。
7、重新连接进水管，打开水龙头，检查是否漏水。
%3Chowto_content%3E[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"is_abstract":true},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"家里要购买洗衣机的话，就要注意做好保养工作，避免洗衣机出现故障，影响了使用。洗衣机在使用中出现故障要及时查找原因并进行维修。市面上常见的洗衣机（海尔，美的等品牌）。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnnUS3WufAHFP9qKhgbGCvih"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"洗衣机零件介绍","id":""}],"text":"","id":"GUyodCqiAoWyUoxAp1ic9ef2nag"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"电机和电容","id":""}],"text":"","id":"P6Ykd46CKouQ60x44khcOxAJnUe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"电机是发动力，可驱动渡轮完成衣服的洗涤和脱水。电容一般洗衣机是用单项电容起动式，主要作用是增大电动机的启动力矩。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"XmcMd8SEyosMs0xULdscQpo3nfg"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":371,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"电机和电容","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/5cba235141e048b2b667cc83dca394ab","width":590},"text":"","id":"ZUQ8dkW2yo2K2yxI73Fc8YNinKf"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"程序控制器","id":""}],"text":"","id":"CeG6dQ6sgoWmUExiisIcEfQgndd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"简称程控器，是控制洗衣机系统的中心部件，整个洗衣机的操作都是由程控器来支配的，它的结构较为复杂，有机械式(电机式)和电脑式(电子式)之分。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Z6KadwkkQoYY86xkjIMcDBf5n3d"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":415,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"程序控制器","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/2e9643eb44dc468c891e2c9a4f1406b0","width":893},"text":"","id":"Is0adqE6IoEWoYxCLSDcXDEcnnw"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"水位开关","id":""}],"text":"","id":"K6yEdmSkookuI8xy4gec6N8jnye"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"为控制水量，还设计水位开关。水位开关一般有3-4档，使用时可按衣服量选择水位，当达到指定水位时，水位开关会将电磁进水阀的电路切断，从而停止进水。之后，在通过程控器，将电机电路接通，开始洗涤工作。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"SqkadGYscooMecxATSIcauySnkg"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":417,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"水位开关","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/ae4987ba95734e9092bcc3c20aac3837","width":770},"text":"","id":"ZOkodyIcSoswCmxKcGacII99nJh"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"安全开关","id":""}],"text":"","id":"UQcodsYI6oamUAxA5WZcMEstnjf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"它主要是起到安全保障的作用，当洗衣机的盖子被打开，洗衣机就会停止脱水工作，会把电源切断，还会把电磁铁的电路处在刹车状态，这样保证了使用的安全性。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"GCgmdK8iqoeMCmxcKtSc4vPunUa"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":367,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"安全开关","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/955fe2dedc8545229c7415a3e8b05a9f","width":709},"text":"","id":"AWcCdgK6UoSMAOxIBOTcnbycnZb"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"电磁进水阀","id":""}],"text":"","id":"UGiIdyi0yoM4MmxKPxLce6FJnDe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"电磁进水阀位于洗衣机上罩的后部，是为洗衣机进水的自动控制系统而设计的。当需要进水时，程控器将它的电路接通，可以打开进水通道，向洗衣机内注水。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"E48GdY6gcos4uUxyuWCc2Kx1ngh"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":361,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"电磁进水阀","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/6ea46f5e819f4cfdb00a6f7d597c4708","width":516},"text":"","id":"UakYduauooaG4UxE9x7cNHRTnNe"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"排水电磁铁","id":""}],"text":"","id":"BIEMdwSCqogGcqxYTSycCWVvnpc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"与排水阀连接在一起，用于排水阀开启和关闭，主要作用是通过刹车带抱紧或放松脱水轴，完成脱水准备和刹车工作。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"EMyed8sEeom2O8xO6tocfslUnrh"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":275,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"排水电磁铁","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/8e0429401c364f7c924ecb06fd9666cb","width":500},"text":"","id":"Vi8MdIM04osUu2xWYdDcDqVtnGh"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"洗衣机故障","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Ra46dWQOcoKyqOx6zRycc4XfnGc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"通过洗衣机不同的情况表现，甄别出具体的故障点出在什么地方。判断出洗衣机故障后，在对症下药，具体对应故障如下：","id":""}],"text":"","id":"SqGIdqKA4oKE2oxEzR4cp1mZn7e"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"不进水","id":""}],"text":"","id":"HseAdAOe2ocYMOxQHOIca3FSnNe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、进水阀线圈短路引起线圈骨架变形，使铁芯始终封闭泄压孔，引起进水阀不进水；","id":""}],"text":"","id":"McaCd8oGsoU06wxaMFycYbwanTf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、铁芯弹簧生锈，使铁芯不能上、下移动，始终封闭泄压孔，引起进水阀不进水；","id":""}],"text":"","id":"XImKdEU8yooI4mxOKeVcNFhunic"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、泄压孔被堵（如沙子、异物等），使控制腔内水无法流出，于是控制腔内的静压力迅速升。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"CQ2Eds8WsoegEcx42zUcowVQnpc"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"脱水无力","id":""}],"text":"","id":"HoSadWM22oqQiKx8zBJc9bjyn1g"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、皮带松弛，磨损拉长，使皮带运转打滑无法带动脱水桶运转，引起脱水无力；","id":""}],"text":"","id":"CqqAd6mKeokewCxwvNPcD2ZBn7f"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、离合器方线扭簧磨损直径变大生锈，使方线扭簧无法抱紧脱水轴带动脱水桶正常运转，引起脱水无力。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Rwomdqym4o4gUAx4RbVcQJvrnmb"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"电容损坏","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnTOvXvKqxRL0VY8OCQbRaRa"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"电容损坏一般会易引起洗涤，脱水无力，电机不转动","id":""}],"text":"","id":"EOu8dOUkGoyGW8xkE2jccj24nlb"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":338,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"电容损坏","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/48905fd9a3074c849aa566c04019eede","width":450},"text":"","id":"doxcn9Oiavv4lT47kFbOa1M0qjq"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"离合器损坏","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn5hGPYbAYK08gLJlJ9ffnff"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"洗衣机出现脱水声音大，脱水无力，只能单向反转，不能正转，","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"离合器抱簧坏的情况出现。当衣服","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"少的情况下机器能够保证有一个比较高的初速度使得机器尽快高速旋","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"转起来。而衣服多","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"了以后机器没法产生一个较高的初速度从而使得洗衣桶摆动变大。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnKpkNXSqgXMMCSvP45hGCid"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":302,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"离合器损坏","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/f982519b5b2f497991b4c778a9b8f9a7","width":600},"text":"","id":"doxcnXb3737BBnoiMcbxQ7xqKRd"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"控制板损坏","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnSUQLeRaoYLdjB35G3aBMHh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"洗衣机控制板损坏会出现电机无法转动，不脱水和","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"不进水等故障","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnoHOtx6ujabP31CpP03yAbg"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":262,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"控制板损坏","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/b58edd17ebe94e2eba830ddc3fa2d2f1","width":479},"text":"","id":"doxcnXzd0A0wlYBOa7WLRIeiUxf"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"排水电机损坏","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn9lfgoeRhuzPYSfhSR54tPg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"排水电机正常值应为4.5~5.1kΩ。洗衣机甩干桶电机的阻值一般是主绕组为65到95欧。副绕组为110到200欧。洗衣机的额定电压是200V，即洗衣机在电压时220V才能正常工作，洗衣机的洗涤时的额定功率是360W，即洗衣机在220V时，洗涤的功率是360W，洗衣机的最大工作电流为5A。洗衣机主要是在水位开关与电磁进水阀之间的调控进行进水跟排水的的，在一定的情况下，排水跟排水以及电机开关，可以实现自动化的控制，水位开关说白了就是一个压力开关而已。然后洗衣机的气室入口与洗衣机的衣桶是相互连接的。具体阻值还得依机型来定，详情请看洗衣机说明书。选用电阻时常有阻值选择的问题，往往遇到选用的阻值是不常用电阻，或特殊阻值很难制造的贴片、插件电阻。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnhtI6Am9QYnUjfjW20Wm7De"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":412,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"排水电机损坏","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/7c12bad1b93642138748c2dac1d31942","width":562},"text":"","id":"doxcnOSXclkZfdVzbJH6U2aDHG8"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"皮带松","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnVb4y7QKPSOFLg1Cz91DTJc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"造成洗衣机皮带松掉的主要是以下原因：1、皮带受潮。2、皮带使用时间过长导致受损。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnrxI7yFAMnnGu8ZbxnOAZHd"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":279,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"皮带松","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/b9ad2021312e4a5db2cb4a73e43462e1","width":400},"text":"","id":"doxcnc1mIOAiOXxXC99xJi64Zy9"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"放水异常","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn9QRfQBcWlXkfSLIFaoOfTg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、进水电磁阀损坏，造成水阀不工作水无法进入管路。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnAVWv3AoYwRmxWNsMqlII0b"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":349,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"放水异常","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/fbc4dfb4968745a6b7bcc2b9d751562f","width":359},"text":"","id":"doxcn7LX4fG8U8Ln0wgLYBOv7Cf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、进水电磁阀连接线断，使电磁阀无驱动电压而不工作最终水无法进入管路。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnIVMwQWm4VIGVf7F90bbqzb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、进水电磁阀驱动电路故障，造成电磁阀无法正常开启，水无法注入管路。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnNKI9pyN7WJngl40UPVmkyf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"4、可能是排水开关损坏，使开关闭死不动，水无法排出。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnDKGYnfhpR44rZp0iXAHje9"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"5、可能是排水口堵塞，排水口内部有异物造成排水口严重堵塞而无法排水。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnf9Q8MqcVXspYVg1rS6c76d"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"6，容器内的水位传感器，将感受到的水位信号传送到控制器，控制器内的计算机将实测的水位信号与设定信号进行比较，得出偏差，然后根据偏差的性质，向给水电动阀发出\"开\"\"关\"的指令，保证容器达到设定水位。进水程序完成后，温控部份的计算机向供给热媒的电动阀发出\"开\"的指令，于是系统开始对容器内的水进行加热。到设定温度时。控制器才发出关阀的命令、切断热源，系统进入保温状态。洗衣机水位传感器损坏的原因：导管破裂、入嘴与导管连接处漏气、内部隔膜穿孔、触点接触不良等。洗衣机水位传感器坏了会引起进水不良，有的洗衣机可能会引起脱水不良故障。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnHDrzmlSYQI1pgDASg0OQ2b"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":455,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"放水异常","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/63548116c7334b8e9432a84289fa6fb8","width":718},"text":"","id":"doxcnpH5APQPZiT38XRWxWQglGb"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"脱水异常","id":""}],"tex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隙处于一个正常范围。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"ToGMdYg4qo8Simxw5vPc9YzenQh"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":426,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"洗涤时，电机正反向运转正常，而波轮只能单向反转，不能正转","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/afff38fca8a44c96bffae157571a0c59","width":568},"text":"","id":"doxcn2MY5tG1e3GUm4OtztEfFSh"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"排水速度变慢","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcng6eixdUhbwC5mMagETWC5c"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、当洗衣机的排水速度变慢，可能是排水阀内部有杂物或排水软管弯折变形，既然已经知道了原因，先清除排水阀内杂物，保持软管畅通。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"IW2YdAYWQo6mGExWAh9cQ1Nvntf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、若排水拉杆和橡胶阀门间隙变大，要适当调小排水拉杆和橡胶阀门的间隙，避免出现异常问题。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"XiOOdgkI8ocwewx0cpwcn7Usn2D"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、排水阀内弹簧太长或失去弹性。只要更换内弹簧即可。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"PkwEd4yO4oiCM0xWEddcvtCAnGd"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":386,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"排水速度变慢","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/35583a3e20e54ffa80200ee3cd67f961","width":599},"text":"","id":"doxcn1rDv7r8fet53EnFLlytFvg"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"排水不净","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnMRL1RCKaCP5WgIkGuoanIc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、自己推测是水压开关性能不良或空气管路漏气，让集气室内空气压力变小，盛水桶内水位没有下降到规定位置，水压开关触点便提前动作。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"XOCadAmwGoGeC0x4y0CcSZkznWd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、想办法找到空气管路漏气位置，然后用401胶密封，若水压开关损坏，尽快更换水压一个相同型号的开关。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"XOUodiuSQoS6KqxGKEOc8M2ln0f"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"维修完毕","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcni5GIacVbBalOJNG7YCbxzX"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"排除故障后，检查机体是否恢复正常使用，最好是使用一次，全程下来看看，是否还存在类似的问题，如果没有，说明维修完毕了，反之就需要进行重新进行以上步骤。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnMxxY8tmEnquzcujZiAtxRc"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":1346,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"维修完毕","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/254880c68338404b9ea4ee391d4ee710","width":1440},"text":"","id":"doxcn3l5jrKDSX1TtTSKpWhKBug"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"洗衣机维护","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn9ZxgIT2cA3hkWSE4LkhD4g"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"俗话都说，洗衣机三分用七分养，维修之后更是需要保养维护。维修之后，需要做的维护如下：","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnWIlUSU43wDzmVeoUJHo7mb"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"机体","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnGiAYrfQYV69WqHl8qFmzwE"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"可以用柔软布及温和的洗涤剂(如厨房用洗涤剂和肥皂水)清洁机体。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnMRLsZOwG3Q8ShP8IOEn9ee"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"注意：不要直接向机体淋水；不要使用去污粉、稀释剂或含有酒精或煤油的产品。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnJtZrFJcu49mGkwF9dkcuRb"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"窗玻璃及窗密封垫","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnOvQh6X7MT9SzTOBkQNSrLd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"洗衣机每次使用结束后，清除窗密封垫上的物件；擦去窗玻璃及窗密封垫上的线屑及污垢；适时打开机门进行通风。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcntfgEcutqowXB8wCfSFej1d"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"洗涤剂盒","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnhf9WKMeBTIOrKHHA5bpwzg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"洗涤剂盒需要定时清洗，避免洗涤剂残留并滋生出霉菌。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnHwgjUIbQ0X5g8CU3HcoFoh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、按压洗涤剂盒，弹开后再向外拉出。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnWfpVTi1YwP9G1GtqYRvjte"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":494,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"洗涤剂盒","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/14da0317ba324881962c603646aaaf53","width":623},"text":"","id":"doxcnoeTZzNj810jliV6Lht16Re"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、按下中间凸起部即可安全拉出。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnZbKpFKqbavHMRf5iNIMEpQ"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":437,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"洗涤剂盒","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/ab31e31417eb49ce95f24c29ccc972dd","width":603},"text":"","id":"doxcn3Hwl6y0tGOklG4tGL8qUzb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、用双手大拇指如图小箭头方向适当用力扩张，同时大拇指向上推出柔软剂盖子，将其从洗涤剂盒中取出。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnbUfZJNlIvJu9CFad5Fs1yb"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":374,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"洗涤剂盒","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/2154914b7c0e45ae96450f7c0110f6b9","width":608},"text":"","id":"doxcnFmO2kDrFaTghMLxuGiDUre"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"4、用水将残留的洗涤剂洗去，然后用布将洗涤剂盒上的水擦干净。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnVSFcRngTqRnKMpGtJuHjIc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"5、柔软剂盖子下压到洗涤剂盒的原本位置。确认两边及后侧的卡爪均到位，然后通过插入的方式装回洗涤剂盒。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnLWL7yI0qCMuttoPAA84gIH"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"排水过滤器","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcneeKNs4zRr2XdlV8jEczEgg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"建议至少每个月清洁一次排水过滤器。过滤器会堆积线屑，使排水不畅。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnSKd3B8LWzbJvcpeSNygO0r"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、关闭电源并拔下电源插头。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn0JRqa9mILkpIQS4OLMuakf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、按压前盖板B右侧，打开前盖板B，放置一个容器以接收排出的水。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcna4lpk4Vev0nHhYRtXoAqUd"},{"type":"imageList","children":[{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":362,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"排水过滤器","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/cb718bfecc74449fa21dc64c9b0f56af","width":574},"text":"","id":"doxcnceByNzQubDiMHx5scd0Cjd"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":364,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"排水过滤器","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/5f6ac66f201e4f7fb84900e40cb8e997","width":578},"text":"","id":"doxcno2blB77ezPs8h2bqaaCPYf"}],"text":"","id":"doxcnCIF2BhFmFQEtJFeynXNcIe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、拉出泵软管，拔下管塞使水流出。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnCIF2BhFmFQEtJFeynXNcIe"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":364,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"排水过滤器","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/6aaf9d5af10a4d4787b4dda98a8ad4c4","width":575},"text":"","id":"doxcnkbr7IbRxLy3Ad9kzvnhFre"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"4、在水全部排出后，将排水过滤器逆时针转动旋开。然后往外拉出。（松开排水过滤器要小心。可能会有更多水排出。这是正常现象。)","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnYZBMrKgxrKhzn7whAVSS0e"},{"type":"imageList","children":[{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":340,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"排水过滤器","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/f6c9bd73dab14633a7971e2993ec00a5","width":576},"text":"","id":"doxcnWNh2OeNbGx9WHYRjhOravg"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":399,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"排水过滤器","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/0c12664389f541749e88325cfdea0913","width":579},"text":"","id":"doxcnDwwdJrBek4NbUBVAxBAbIh"}],"text":"","id":"doxcnhN12wgEV5qax9ZweKqDYqg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"5、清除上面的毛绒及线屑。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnhN12wgEV5qax9ZweKqDYqg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"6、回排水过滤器。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnLvCbwwcdtyLh8WGMQd4X3u"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"7、将管塞塞回泵软管中，装回原位置，关闭前盖板B。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn9OR0rxjnW6kFuIFc0W3xzg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"8、注意：排放热水时务必小心；排水过滤器务必顺时针转动旋进到位，否则将造成漏水，并导致前盖板无法正常关闭。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnEtplZWsuPTASPh8G8wWzzf"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"进水阀过滤网","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnSeccBbfzBbJVf3fcecq8Pd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"定期取下进水管，清除过滤网上的污垢。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnIOrfaOTmiCcxIerqZCKIMg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"为防止溅水，取下进水管前，请按以下步骤进行。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcndI75WRHmvbGi4KQEi9nzvh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、关闭水龙头。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnaAOpW9z3rJRaZmKDaJ76ae"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、按下电源键打开电源。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnQliQpMfiMfiRqEaa8KEFqn"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、按下一键智洗。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcntMCIvbcyNq223dEVQpDCqh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"4、1分钟后关闭电源。水已从进水管中排出。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnsRLfyZLvmfnR56eEHP0Jnh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"5、拧松进水管将其取下。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn4IhKZdfSizul90KdVwiK1f"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"6、使用牙刷来的小刷子，清洁洗衣机背面的进水阀过滤网。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnxTB5uKgQgTbRo6e8k0aC9e"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":426,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"进水阀过滤网","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/a65f0fb52055461cbb88a381e7f11f85","width":729},"text":"","id":"doxcnhlUJX1OFExIiaeBZ5Q2xZg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"7、重新连接进水管，打开水龙头，检查是否漏水。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnTqDo8RD2rmTNNj6F0isMUb"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnLvn8so61EOV2N57YHqvCQd"}]%3C%2Fhowto_content%3E
8. FA67减速机
仅供参考
一、传动方案拟定
第二组第三个数据：设计带式输送机传动装置中的一级圆柱齿轮减速器
（1） 工作条件：使用年限10年，每年按300天计算，两班制工作，载荷平稳。
（2） 原始数据：滚筒圆周力F=1.7KN；带速V=1.4m/s；
滚筒直径D=220mm。
运动简图
二、电动机的选择
1、电动机类型和结构型式的选择：按已知的工作要求和 条件，选用 Y系列三相异步电动机。
2、确定电动机的功率：
（1）传动装置的总效率：
η总=η带×η2轴承×η齿轮×η联轴器×η滚筒
=0.96×0.992×0.97×0.99×0.95
=0.86
(2)电机所需的工作功率：
Pd=FV/1000η总
=1700×1.4/1000×0.86
=2.76KW
3、确定电动机转速：
滚筒轴的工作转速：
Nw=60×1000V/πD
=60×1000×1.4/π×220
=121.5r/min
根据【2】表2.2中推荐的合理传动比范围，取V带传动比Iv=2~4，单级圆柱齿轮传动比范围Ic=3~5，则合理总传动比i的范围为i=6~20，故电动机转速的可选范围为nd=i×nw=（6~20）×121.5=729~2430r/min
符合这一范围的同步转速有960 r/min和1420r/min。由【2】表8.1查出有三种适用的电动机型号、如下表
方案 电动机型号 额定功率 电动机转速（r/min） 传动装置的传动比
KW 同转 满转 总传动比 带 齿轮
1 Y132s-6 3 1000 960 7.9 3 2.63
2 Y100l2-4 3 1500 1420 11.68 3 3.89
综合考虑电动机和传动装置尺寸、重量、价格和带传动、减速器的传动比，比较两种方案可知：方案1因电动机转速低，传动装置尺寸较大，价格较高。方案2适中。故选择电动机型号Y100l2-4。
4、确定电动机型号
根据以上选用的电动机类型，所需的额定功率及同步转速，选定电动机型号为
Y100l2-4。
其主要性能：额定功率：3KW，满载转速1420r/min，额定转矩2.2。
三、计算总传动比及分配各级的传动比
1、总传动比：i总=n电动/n筒=1420/121.5=11.68
2、分配各级传动比
（1） 取i带=3
（2） ∵i总=i齿×i 带π
∴i齿=i总/i带=11.68/3=3.89
四、运动参数及动力参数计算
1、计算各轴转速（r/min）
nI=nm/i带=1420/3=473.33(r/min)
nII=nI/i齿=473.33/3.89=121.67(r/min)
滚筒nw=nII=473.33/3.89=121.67(r/min)
2、 计算各轴的功率（KW）
PI=Pd×η带=2.76×0.96=2.64KW
PII=PI×η轴承×η齿轮=2.64×0.99×0.97=2.53KW
3、 计算各轴转矩
Td=9.55Pd/nm=9550×2.76/1420=18.56N•m
TI=9.55p2入/n1 =9550x2.64/473.33=53.26N•m
TII =9.55p2入/n2=9550x2.53/121.67=198.58N•m
五、传动零件的设计计算
1、 皮带轮传动的设计计算
（1） 选择普通V带截型
由课本[1]P189表10-8得：kA=1.2 P=2.76KW
PC=KAP=1.2×2.76=3.3KW
据PC=3.3KW和n1=473.33r/min
由课本[1]P189图10-12得：选用A型V带
（2） 确定带轮基准直径，并验算带速
由[1]课本P190表10-9，取dd1=95mm>dmin=75
dd2=i带dd1(1-ε)=3×95×(1-0.02)=279.30 mm
由课本[1]P190表10-9，取dd2=280
带速V：V=πdd1n1/60×1000
=π×95×1420/60×1000
=7.06m/s
在5~25m/s范围内，带速合适。
（3） 确定带长和中心距
初定中心距a0=500mm
Ld=2a0+π(dd1+dd2)/2+(dd2-dd1)2/4a0
=2×500+3.14(95+280)+(280-95)2/4×450
=1605.8mm
根据课本[1]表（10-6）选取相近的Ld=1600mm
确定中心距a≈a0+(Ld-Ld0)/2=500+(1600-1605.8)/2
=497mm
(4) 验算小带轮包角
α1=1800-57.30 ×(dd2-dd1)/a
=1800-57.30×(280-95)/497
=158.670>1200（适用）
（5） 确定带的根数
单根V带传递的额定功率.据dd1和n1，查课本图10-9得 P1=1.4KW
i≠1时单根V带的额定功率增量.据带型及i查[1]表10-2得 △P1=0.17KW
查[1]表10-3，得Kα=0.94；查[1]表10-4得 KL=0.99
Z= PC/[(P1+△P1)KαKL]
=3.3/[(1.4+0.17) ×0.94×0.99]
=2.26 (取3根)
(6) 计算轴上压力
由课本[1]表10-5查得q=0.1kg/m，由课本式（10-20）单根V带的初拉力：
F0=500PC/ZV[（2.5/Kα）-1]+qV2=500x3.3/[3x7.06(2.5/0.94-1)]+0.10x7.062 =134.3kN
则作用在轴承的压力FQ
FQ=2ZF0sin(α1/2)=2×3×134.3sin(158.67o/2)
=791.9N
2、齿轮传动的设计计算
（1）选择齿轮材料与热处理：所设计齿轮传动属于闭式传动，通常
齿轮采用软齿面。查阅表[1] 表6-8，选用价格便宜便于制造的材料，小齿轮材料为45钢，调质，齿面硬度260HBS；大齿轮材料也为45钢，正火处理，硬度为215HBS；
精度等级：运输机是一般机器，速度不高，故选8级精度。
(2)按齿面接触疲劳强度设计
由d1≥ (6712×kT1(u+1)/φdu[σH]2)1/3
确定有关参数如下：传动比i齿=3.89
取小齿轮齿数Z1=20。则大齿轮齿数：Z2=iZ1= ×20=77.8取z2=78
由课本表6-12取φd=1.1
(3)转矩T1
T1=9.55×106×P1/n1=9.55×106×2.61/473.33=52660N•mm
(4)载荷系数k : 取k=1.2
(5)许用接触应力[σH]
[σH]= σHlim ZN/SHmin 由课本[1]图6-37查得：
σHlim1=610Mpa σHlim2=500Mpa
接触疲劳寿命系数Zn：按一年300个工作日，每天16h计算，由公式N=60njtn 计算
N1=60×473.33×10×300×18=1.36x109
N2=N/i=1.36x109 /3.89=3.4×108
查[1]课本图6-38中曲线1，得 ZN1=1 ZN2=1.05
按一般可靠度要求选取安全系数SHmin=1.0
[σH]1=σHlim1ZN1/SHmin=610x1/1=610 Mpa
[σH]2=σHlim2ZN2/SHmin=500x1.05/1=525Mpa
故得：
d1≥ (6712×kT1(u+1)/φdu[σH]2)1/3
=49.04mm
模数：m=d1/Z1=49.04/20=2.45mm
取课本[1]P79标准模数第一数列上的值，m=2.5
(6)校核齿根弯曲疲劳强度
σ bb=2KT1YFS/bmd1
确定有关参数和系数
分度圆直径：d1=mZ1=2.5×20mm=50mm
d2=mZ2=2.5×78mm=195mm
齿宽：b=φdd1=1.1×50mm=55mm
取b2=55mm b1=60mm
(7)复合齿形因数YFs 由课本[1]图6-40得：YFS1=4.35,YFS2=3.95
(8)许用弯曲应力[σbb]
根据课本[1]P116：
[σbb]= σbblim YN/SFmin
由课本[1]图6-41得弯曲疲劳极限σbblim应为： σbblim1=490Mpa σbblim2 =410Mpa
由课本[1]图6-42得弯曲疲劳寿命系数YN：YN1=1 YN2=1
弯曲疲劳的最小安全系数SFmin ：按一般可靠性要求，取SFmin =1
计算得弯曲疲劳许用应力为
[σbb1]=σbblim1 YN1/SFmin=490×1/1=490Mpa
[σbb2]= σbblim2 YN2/SFmin =410×1/1=410Mpa
校核计算
σbb1=2kT1YFS1/ b1md1=71.86pa< [σbb1]
σbb2=2kT1YFS2/ b2md1=72.61Mpa< [σbb2]
故轮齿齿根弯曲疲劳强度足够
(9)计算齿轮传动的中心矩a
a=(d1+d2)/2= (50+195)/2=122.5mm
(10)计算齿轮的圆周速度V
计算圆周速度V=πn1d1/60×1000=3.14×473.33×50/60×1000=1.23m/s
因为V＜6m/s，故取8级精度合适．
六、轴的设计计算
从动轴设计
1、选择轴的材料 确定许用应力
选轴的材料为45号钢，调质处理。查[2]表13-1可知：
σb=650Mpa,σs=360Mpa,查[2]表13-6可知：[σb+1]bb=215Mpa
[σ0]bb=102Mpa,[σ-1]bb=60Mpa
2、按扭转强度估算轴的最小直径
单级齿轮减速器的低速轴为转轴，输出端与联轴器相接，
从结构要求考虑，输出端轴径应最小，最小直径为：
d≥C
查[2]表13-5可得，45钢取C=118
则d≥118×(2.53/121.67)1/3mm=32.44mm
考虑键槽的影响以及联轴器孔径系列标准，取d=35mm
3、齿轮上作用力的计算
齿轮所受的转矩：T=9.55×106P/n=9.55×106×2.53/121.67=198582 N
齿轮作用力：
圆周力：Ft=2T/d=2×198582/195N=2036N
径向力：Fr=Fttan200=2036×tan200=741N
4、轴的结构设计
轴结构设计时，需要考虑轴系中相配零件的尺寸以及轴上零件的固定方式，按比例绘制轴系结构草图。
（1）、联轴器的选择
可采用弹性柱销联轴器，查[2]表9.4可得联轴器的型号为HL3联轴器：35×82 GB5014-85
（2）、确定轴上零件的位置与固定方式
单级减速器中，可以将齿轮安排在箱体中央，轴承对称布置
在齿轮两边。轴外伸端安装联轴器，齿轮靠油环和套筒实现
轴向定位和固定，靠平键和过盈配合实现周向固定，两端轴
承靠套筒实现轴向定位，靠过盈配合实现周向固定 ，轴通
过两端轴承盖实现轴向定位，联轴器靠轴肩平键和过盈配合
分别实现轴向定位和周向定位
（3）、确定各段轴的直径
将估算轴d=35mm作为外伸端直径d1与联轴器相配（如图），
考虑联轴器用轴肩实现轴向定位，取第二段直径为d2=40mm
齿轮和左端轴承从左侧装入，考虑装拆方便以及零件固定的要求，装轴处d3应大于d2，取d3=4 5mm，为便于齿轮装拆与齿轮配合处轴径d4应大于d3，取d4=50mm。齿轮左端用用套筒固定,右端用轴环定位,轴环直径d5
满足齿轮定位的同时,还应满足右侧轴承的安装要求,根据选定轴承型号确定.右端轴承型号与左端轴承相同,取d6=45mm.
(4)选择轴承型号.由[1]P270初选深沟球轴承,代号为6209,查手册可得:轴承宽度B=19,安装尺寸D=52,故轴环直径d5=52mm.
(5）确定轴各段直径和长度
Ⅰ段：d1=35mm 长度取L1=50mm
II段:d2=40mm
初选用6209深沟球轴承，其内径为45mm,
宽度为19mm.考虑齿轮端面和箱体内壁，轴承端面和箱体内壁应有一定距离。取套筒长为20mm，通过密封盖轴段长应根据密封盖的宽度，并考虑联轴器和箱体外壁应有一定矩离而定，为此，取该段长为55mm，安装齿轮段长度应比轮毂宽度小2mm,故II段长：
L2=（2+20+19+55）=96mm
III段直径d3=45mm
L3=L1-L=50-2=48mm
Ⅳ段直径d4=50mm
长度与右面的套筒相同，即L4=20mm
Ⅴ段直径d5=52mm. 长度L5=19mm
由上述轴各段长度可算得轴支承跨距L=96mm
(6)按弯矩复合强度计算
①求分度圆直径：已知d1=195mm
②求转矩：已知T2=198.58N•m
③求圆周力：Ft
根据课本P127（6-34）式得
Ft=2T2/d2=2×198.58/195=2.03N
④求径向力Fr
根据课本P127（6-35）式得
Fr=Ft•tanα=2.03×tan200=0.741N
⑤因为该轴两轴承对称，所以：LA=LB=48mm
(1)绘制轴受力简图（如图a）
（2）绘制垂直面弯矩图（如图b）
轴承支反力：
FAY=FBY=Fr/2=0.74/2=0.37N
FAZ=FBZ=Ft/2=2.03/2=1.01N
由两边对称，知截面C的弯矩也对称。截面C在垂直面弯矩为
MC1=FAyL/2=0.37×96÷2=17.76N•m
截面C在水平面上弯矩为：
MC2=FAZL/2=1.01×96÷2=48.48N•m
(4)绘制合弯矩图（如图d）
MC=(MC12+MC22)1/2=（17.762+48.482)1/2=51.63N•m
(5)绘制扭矩图（如图e）
转矩：T=9.55×（P2/n2）×106=198.58N•m
(6)绘制当量弯矩图（如图f）
转矩产生的扭剪文治武功力按脉动循环变化，取α=0.2，截面C处的当量弯矩：
Mec=[MC2+(αT)2]1/2
=[51.632+(0.2×198.58)2]1/2=65.13N•m
(7)校核危险截面C的强度
由式（6-3）
σe=65.13/0.1d33=65.13x1000/0.1×453
=7.14MPa< [σ-1]b=60MPa
∴该轴强度足够。
主动轴的设计
1、选择轴的材料 确定许用应力
选轴的材料为45号钢，调质处理。查[2]表13-1可知：
σb=650Mpa,σs=360Mpa,查[2]表13-6可知：[σb+1]bb=215Mpa
[σ0]bb=102Mpa,[σ-1]bb=60Mpa
2、按扭转强度估算轴的最小直径
单级齿轮减速器的低速轴为转轴，输出端与联轴器相接，
从结构要求考虑，输出端轴径应最小，最小直径为：
d≥C
查[2]表13-5可得，45钢取C=118
则d≥118×(2.64/473.33)1/3mm=20.92mm
考虑键槽的影响以系列标准，取d=22mm
3、齿轮上作用力的计算
齿轮所受的转矩：T=9.55×106P/n=9.55×106×2.64/473.33=53265 N
齿轮作用力：
圆周力：Ft=2T/d=2×53265/50N=2130N
径向力：Fr=Fttan200=2130×tan200=775N
确定轴上零件的位置与固定方式
单级减速器中，可以将齿轮安排在箱体中央，轴承对称布置
在齿轮两边。齿轮靠油环和套筒实现 轴向定位和固定
，靠平键和过盈配合实现周向固定，两端轴
承靠套筒实现轴向定位，靠过盈配合实现周向固定 ，轴通
过两端轴承盖实现轴向定位，
4 确定轴的各段直径和长度
初选用6206深沟球轴承，其内径为30mm,
宽度为16mm.。考虑齿轮端面和箱体内壁，轴承端面与箱体内壁应有一定矩离，则取套筒长为20mm，则该段长36mm，安装齿轮段长度为轮毂宽度为2mm。
(2)按弯扭复合强度计算
①求分度圆直径：已知d2=50mm
②求转矩：已知T=53.26N•m
③求圆周力Ft：根据课本P127（6-34）式得
Ft=2T3/d2=2×53.26/50=2.13N
④求径向力Fr根据课本P127（6-35）式得
Fr=Ft•tanα=2.13×0.36379=0.76N
⑤∵两轴承对称
∴LA=LB=50mm
(1)求支反力FAX、FBY、FAZ、FBZ
FAX=FBY=Fr/2=0.76/2=0.38N
FAZ=FBZ=Ft/2=2.13/2=1.065N
(2) 截面C在垂直面弯矩为
MC1=FAxL/2=0.38×100/2=19N•m
(3)截面C在水平面弯矩为
MC2=FAZL/2=1.065×100/2=52.5N•m
(4)计算合成弯矩
MC=（MC12+MC22）1/2
=（192+52.52）1/2
=55.83N•m
(5)计算当量弯矩：根据课本P235得α=0.4
Mec=[MC2+(αT)2]1/2=[55.832+(0.4×53.26)2]1/2
=59.74N•m
(6)校核危险截面C的强度
由式（10-3）
σe=Mec/（0.1d3）=59.74x1000/(0.1×303)
=22.12Mpa<[σ-1]b=60Mpa
∴此轴强度足够
（7） 滚动轴承的选择及校核计算
一从动轴上的轴承
根据根据条件，轴承预计寿命
L'h=10×300×16=48000h
(1)由初选的轴承的型号为: 6209,
查[1]表14-19可知:d=55mm,外径D=85mm,宽度B=19mm,基本额定动载荷C=31.5KN, 基本静载荷CO=20.5KN,
查[2]表10.1可知极限转速9000r/min
（1）已知nII=121.67(r/min)
两轴承径向反力：FR1=FR2=1083N
根据课本P265（11-12）得轴承内部轴向力
FS=0.63FR 则FS1=FS2=0.63FR1=0.63x1083=682N
(2) ∵FS1+Fa=FS2 Fa=0
故任意取一端为压紧端，现取1端为压紧端
FA1=FS1=682N FA2=FS2=682N
(3)求系数x、y
FA1/FR1=682N/1038N =0.63
FA2/FR2=682N/1038N =0.63
根据课本P265表（14-14）得e=0.68
FA1/FR1y1=0 y2=0
(4)计算当量载荷P1、P2
根据课本P264表（14-12）取f P=1.5
根据课本P264（14-7）式得
P1=fP(x1FR1+y1FA1)=1.5×(1×1083+0)=1624N
P2=fp(x2FR1+y2FA2)= 1.5×(1×1083+0)=1624N
(5)轴承寿命计算
∵P1=P2 故取P=1624N
∵深沟球轴承ε=3
根据手册得6209型的Cr=31500N
由课本P264（14-5）式得
LH=106(ftCr/P)ε/60n
=106(1×31500/1624)3/60x121.67=998953h>48000h
∴预期寿命足够
二.主动轴上的轴承:
(1)由初选的轴承的型号为:6206
查[1]表14-19可知:d=30mm,外径D=62mm,宽度B=16mm,
基本额定动载荷C=19.5KN,基本静载荷CO=111.5KN,
查[2]表10.1可知极限转速13000r/min
根据根据条件，轴承预计寿命
L'h=10×300×16=48000h
（1）已知nI=473.33(r/min)
两轴承径向反力：FR1=FR2=1129N
根据课本P265（11-12）得轴承内部轴向力
FS=0.63FR 则FS1=FS2=0.63FR1=0.63x1129=711.8N
(2) ∵FS1+Fa=FS2 Fa=0
故任意取一端为压紧端，现取1端为压紧端
FA1=FS1=711.8N FA2=FS2=711.8N
(3)求系数x、y
FA1/FR1=711.8N/711.8N =0.63
FA2/FR2=711.8N/711.8N =0.63
根据课本P265表（14-14）得e=0.68
FA1/FR1y1=0 y2=0
(4)计算当量载荷P1、P2
根据课本P264表（14-12）取f P=1.5
根据课本P264（14-7）式得
P1=fP(x1FR1+y1FA1)=1.5×(1×1129+0)=1693.5N
P2=fp(x2FR1+y2FA2)=1.5×(1×1129+0)= 1693.5N
(5)轴承寿命计算
∵P1=P2 故取P=1693.5N
∵深沟球轴承ε=3
根据手册得6206型的Cr=19500N
由课本P264（14-5）式得
LH=106(ftCr/P)ε/60n
=106(1×19500/1693.5)3/60x473.33=53713h>48000h
∴预期寿命足够
七、键联接的选择及校核计算
1．根据轴径的尺寸，由[1]中表12-6
高速轴(主动轴)与V带轮联接的键为：键8×36 GB1096-79
大齿轮与轴连接的键为：键 14×45 GB1096-79
轴与联轴器的键为：键10×40 GB1096-79
2．键的强度校核
大齿轮与轴上的键 ：键14×45 GB1096-79
b×h=14×9,L=45,则Ls=L-b=31mm
圆周力：Fr=2TII/d=2×198580/50=7943.2N
挤压强度： =56.93<125~150MPa=[σp]
因此挤压强度足够
剪切强度： =36.60<120MPa=[ ]
因此剪切强度足够
键8×36 GB1096-79和键10×40 GB1096-79根据上面的步骤校核，并且符合要求。
八、减速器箱体、箱盖及附件的设计计算~
1、减速器附件的选择
通气器
由于在室内使用，选通气器（一次过滤），采用M18×1.5
油面指示器
选用游标尺M12
起吊装置
采用箱盖吊耳、箱座吊耳.
放油螺塞
选用外六角油塞及垫片M18×1.5
根据《机械设计基础课程设计》表5.3选择适当型号：
起盖螺钉型号：GB/T5780 M18×30,材料Q235
高速轴轴承盖上的螺钉：GB5783～86 M8X12,材料Q235
低速轴轴承盖上的螺钉：GB5783～86 M8×20,材料Q235
螺栓：GB5782～86 M14×100，材料Q235
箱体的主要尺寸：
：
(1)箱座壁厚z=0.025a+1=0.025×122.5+1= 4.0625 取z=8
(2)箱盖壁厚z1=0.02a+1=0.02×122.5+1= 3.45
取z1=8
(3)箱盖凸缘厚度b1=1.5z1=1.5×8=12
(4)箱座凸缘厚度b=1.5z=1.5×8=12
(5)箱座底凸缘厚度b2=2.5z=2.5×8=20
(6)地脚螺钉直径df =0.036a+12=
0.036×122.5+12=16.41(取18)
(7)地脚螺钉数目n=4 (因为a<250)
(8)轴承旁连接螺栓直径d1= 0.75df =0.75×18= 13.5 (取14)
(9)盖与座连接螺栓直径 d2=(0.5-0.6)df =0.55× 18=9.9 (取10)
(10)连接螺栓d2的间距L=150-200
(11)轴承端盖螺钉直d3=(0.4-0.5)df=0.4×18=7.2(取8)
(12)检查孔盖螺钉d4=(0.3-0.4)df=0.3×18=5.4 (取6)
(13)定位销直径d=(0.7-0.8)d2=0.8×10=8
(14)df.d1.d2至外箱壁距离C1
(15) Df.d2
(16)凸台高度：根据低速级轴承座外径确定，以便于扳手操作为准。
(17)外箱壁至轴承座端面的距离C1＋C2＋（5～10）
(18)齿轮顶圆与内箱壁间的距离：＞9.6 mm
(19)齿轮端面与内箱壁间的距离：=12 mm
(20)箱盖，箱座肋厚：m1=8 mm,m2=8 mm
(21)轴承端盖外径∶D＋（5～5．5）d3
D～轴承外径
(22)轴承旁连接螺栓距离：尽可能靠近，以Md1和Md3 互不干涉为准，一般取S＝D2.
九、润滑与密封
1.齿轮的润滑
采用浸油润滑，由于为单级圆柱齿轮减速器，速度ν<12m/s，当m<20 时，浸油深度h约为1个齿高，但不小于10mm，所以浸油高度约为36mm。
2.滚动轴承的润滑
由于轴承周向速度为，所以宜开设油沟、飞溅润滑。
3.润滑油的选择
齿轮与轴承用同种润滑油较为便利，考虑到该装置用于小型设备，选用GB443-89全损耗系统用油L-AN15润滑油。
4.密封方法的选取
选用凸缘式端盖易于调整，采用闷盖安装骨架式旋转轴唇型密封圈实现密封。密封圈型号按所装配轴的直径确定为GB894.1-86-25轴承盖结构尺寸按用其定位的轴承的外径决定。
十、设计小结
课程设计体会
课程设计都需要刻苦耐劳，努力钻研的精神。对于每一个事物都会有第一次的吧，而没一个第一次似乎都必须经历由感觉困难重重，挫折不断到一步一步克服，可能需要连续几个小时、十几个小时不停的工作进行攻关；最后出成果的瞬间是喜悦、是轻松、是舒了口气！
课程设计过程中出现的问题几乎都是过去所学的知识不牢固，许多计算方法、公式都忘光了，要不断的翻资料、看书，和同学们相互探讨。虽然过程很辛苦，有时还会有放弃的念头，但始终坚持下来，完成了设计，而且学到了，应该是补回了许多以前没学好的知识，同时巩固了这些知识，提高了运用所学知识的能力
9. kaf67减速机分解图
萨克斯属于一种木管乐器，但管体通常会使用黄铜来制造，使得萨克斯在声音的力度上不但具有着铜管类乐器的特性，而且在音质也有着木管乐器的特点，特别是声音上带有金属的明亮度，是其他木管乐器无法比拟的。
介绍
萨克斯有倍低音萨克斯，低音萨克斯、上低音萨克斯、次中音萨克斯、C调萨克斯、中音萨克斯、F调高音萨克斯、高音萨克斯、C调高音萨克斯、超高音萨克斯。
萨克斯有多种音域和调性，其中以中高音、中音、次中音、上低音四种最多见。 古典萨克斯以中音萨克斯为主，而在爵士乐、流行乐里是以中音次中音为主。所有的萨克斯指法基本都是一样的，吹奏可以不用指法练习就更换乐器。
组成部分
主管
脖管
笛头
哨片
哨箍
盖帽
挂带
萨克斯种类
高音萨克斯
是萨克斯家族中音调第二高的乐器，通常为降B调，仅此于超高音萨克斯(Sopranino),管的体积也是第二_小。常见的为直管，略微曲颈或类似中音萨克斯的形状。相对于黑管，高音萨克斯音量更大，更有穿透力。但由于小管身，使得高音部分更难以控制音准，较难上手。音萨克斯主要用于独奏，在木管重奏中常用来替代双簧管。著名的高音萨克斯演奏家有SidneyBechet,约翰柯川，Wayne Shorter,能等。
中音萨克斯
是最常见的萨克斯，降E调，也是应用在古典乐合奏中最多的萨克斯。于按键距离适中，气息要求和嘴部控制难度介于高音萨克斯和次中音萨克斯之间，以吸相对便宜的价格和搬运容易，成为初学者入i最常使用的萨克斯。中音萨克斯音色较次中音清亮，较高音温和。 中音萨克斯构成了管乐队萨克斯声部的最主要部分，在爵士大乐队编制中和次中音占同等重要位置。作为独奏乐器出现相对少一些。中音萨克斯是萨克斯家族最有代表性的种类。著名的中音萨克斯演奏家有爵士乐: Charlie Parker、Cannonball Adderley、Kenny Garrett。古典乐: Marcel Mule，Sigurd Rascher等。
次中音萨克斯
通常为降B调，外形比中音萨克斯稍大，弯管前端多了一个弯曲，色温和稳重。在管乐队中次中音萨克斯数量少于中音，一般作为辅助角色和小低音号和长号同样的乐谱。
而在爵士乐中次中音起核心作用。1920年代Coleman Hawkins沙哑厚重的声音重新定义了人们对次中音音色的概念。后来的约翰柯川，Stan Getz, Sonny Rollins, Michael Brecke一步一步地奠定了次中音声音的个性。
上低音萨克斯
通常为降E调，是4种中相对少见的类型。体积重量较大，近音两倍左右。很少有人它作为独奏乐器，而在萨克斯四重奏或爵士大乐队中上低音萨克斯以它低沉浑厚的音色把其它声音承托起来，以较简单的吹奏维持着音乐进行的稳定步伐。在管乐队中常和低音号类似的作用，有时让人联想起大提琴的声音。著名演奏家有Gerry Mulligan。
选购
初学萨克斯的朋友基本都是从降E中音萨克斯学起，因为中音萨克斯容易控制大小适中女老少都可以很轻松的演奏，且市面上针对初学萨克斯的教程都是中音萨克斯的教程，因此中音萨克斯以他的优势成为初学者的首选。
初学者没有必要买太好的管子，名牌并不见得好。因为进口的管子大多数也都是出口转内销的，很多所谓的国外品牌其实都在国内生产，一不心就会出高价买个山寨品。可以选择价格在2000-5000的国内品牌即可。
挑选萨克斯要看音准、密合度共振、音域质手感、镀层机械连动、空按萨克斯、按垫是不是均匀平整等等。但这对于初学者来说还是不好把握，好找专业可靠的朋友帮忙挑选。
建议先看乐器的整体造型是否合理，有些萨克斯管口部分很斜,和脖管不对称。检查每个按键的皮垫是否盖严或变形，若有盖得不严会漏气，影响发音。要试一下手感， 每个按键的弹簧是否力度适中。要看一下每个常用活动点是否严密、灵活，哨片箍是否能拧紧，不能太松。笛头部分与哨片接触处是否完整，均无瑕疵。然后最关键的是要试音色是否优美，同一价位的不同萨克斯音色都不一样。再试高音是否明亮低音是否易吹，音准是否好，有些乐器高音大都不准。再看附件是否齐全(部分配有：哨片、翻笛头、挂带等)。
乐理知识
音名
以英文字母来表示音高，称为音名。
12调全音域音名表
一、C调（*）：低音234567，中音: 1234567，高音: 123456.(共19个唱名)
二、#C调（$）：低音1234567，中音: 1234567，高音: 12345.(共19个唱名)
三、D调（*）：最低音7，低音，1234567，中音: 1234567，高音:12345.(共20个唱名)
四、E调（&）：低音，67，中音：1234567，高：1234567.最高音：1234 (共20个唱名)
五、bE调（*）：低音: #67中音：1#12#34#45#56#67 高音：1#2#234#45#56#67最高音：1#1234#4 (共32个唱名)
七、#F调（$）：低音，567，中音：1234567， 高音：1234567.最高音12（共19个唱名）
八、G调（*）：低音，567，中音：1234567，高音：1234567.最高音12（共19个唱名）
九、A调（&）：低音，34567,中音: 1234567， 高音: 1234567.最.高音1（共20个唱名）
十、bA调（&）：低音，4567，中音：1234567， 高音：1234567.最高音1（共19个唱名）
十一、B调（$）：低音，234567，中音：1234567，高音: 123456.
十二、bB调（*）：低音，34567，中音：1234567， 高音：1234567. (共19个唱名)
备注
1、其中带(*)号的调号为最常用基本调号共6个大调；带(&)号的调号为次常用调号共3个。带($)号的调号为一般不常用的调号共3个调号。
2、此表中共计244个唱音。
哼唱
萨克斯吹一个音，并且几乎同时的唱这个音，同时发出两个音，严格的说不叫双音，和吼叫技巧差不多。通常称它为哼唱，又叫做唱音。
高低音区
萨克斯在日常的娱乐过程中肯定会遇到高低音转换的情况。
这里的高低音转换以是否按着泛音键来区别，一种是主旋律的高低音转换，比如中音萨克斯降E调从中音的1（不按泛音键）到2（按着泛音键）的转换，或者反之，或是吹降B调时从3或4转换到5或反过来。
另一种是装饰音的高低音转换，这个就要求更快，几乎是要在一拍之内完成。
在高低音转换时（这里的高低音转换以是否按着泛音键来区别，下同） , 为了防止吹"破”音，就要通过气息来控制，在转换音的时候把气息“弱”下来，下一个音再逐渐起来，有的时候曲子需要时，加上吐音也能解决这个问题。
升降音
各个调之间无所谓谁高谁低，只是一个八度之间的比较而已。无论是高八度或者是低八度，只要是调对了，大家就能跟伴奏。要做好这件事情，就要有一点基本的乐理知识。最起码对熟悉的曲子能简单唱谱，才能知道里面的那个音是1(dao)，那个音是2(rai)，那个音是3(mi)。
先确定曲子的调
边听曲子，边唱其谱，选定任何一个音比如1。用萨克斯吹一下各个音(包括半音)，看哪个音是正好跟你选定的音相吻合，那么这个音的1所对应的调就是曲子的调。
如果你只熟悉少数指法，就用萨克斯吹一下你熟悉的指法的各个1，看哪个更接近。并确定曲子的那个1比你吹出来的这个1是高还是低?这样你就知道到时候调整音调的时候是应该按上升还是下降了。
音调
经过探究，萨克斯产音域从原本的两个八度和一个五度的根底上，又向上扩大了一个八度和一个四度（扩大音域属于超吹局部，没有必定的根底很难演奏）。
振动不规矩，音的上下听起来不分明，叫做“杂音”；
乐音系统：音乐中所运用的基本的乐音的总和 ；
音级：乐音系统中的各音（专指乐音）；（振动起来是有规律的、单纯的，并有准确的高度（也叫音高）的音）
音列：按必定的音高关系和上下顺序，由低到高或由高到低陈列 ；
半音：乐音系统中，音高关系的最小计量单元 ；（相邻的两个音之间最小的距离）
全音：一个全音等于两个半音 ，把八度音划分为十二个音，四个相连的音之间的音程叫全音。
变化音级：将基本音级加以提高或下降得来的音；
晋级音：将基本音级提高半音，如升C、升D、相反是降职音 ；
重升音级：将基本音级提高全音，如重升C、重升D，等，反之为重降 ；
音组：乐音系统中八十多个音用来划分音分为多少组，它的标志是用小写字母并在右上方加数字“1”来表示。如：c1，d1，e1，f1，比小字一组高的各组，由低到高名为“小字二组”、“小字三组”、“小字四组”、“小字五组”。顺次写上数字“2”、“3”、“4”、“5”。比小字一组低的各组，由高到低顺次命名为“小字组”、“大字组”、“大字一组”、“大字二组”。小字组用小写字母，大字组用大写字母 ；
中心C：位于乐音系统总音到中心的小字一组的c1。每秒振动约261次 ；
定律法：断定乐音系统中各音的彻底精确高度，人们在实施中发明白种种定律法。如十二均匀律，五度相生津、纯律等 ；
十二均匀律：将一个纯八度（如c1-c2）分红十二个均等的局部 ；
等音：音高相似而记法和意思不同的音。如升C、降D，重升B，这三个音在钢琴上音高是完全相似的。但记法和意思不同。能够看出，除了升G和降A惟有一个等音外，其它各音都有两个等音 。
复合音：平常听到某一音，一般由很多个音组合而成的。它的发生是因为发音体（以弦为例）振动时，不只全段振动，它的各局部（二、三、四、五段等）也同时在振动 ；
基音：由全弦振动发生的音，听的最清楚的；
泛音：由发音体各局部振动而发生，不易被听出的；
分音：形成复合音的各音；
音域：从低音到高音，音列的总范畴 ；
音区：音域中的一局部。依据音色的不同分为高音区、中音区和低音区。小字组、小字一组、小字二组被以为是中音区，小字三，小字四，五为高音区，大字组，大字一组和二组为低音区。
姿势
1.用挂带将乐器挂在胸前，调整挂带，使其既能负担乐器的重量又能缓解手和臂的紧张程度。
2.站立演奏时，两腿同肩宽,坐着演奏时，两腿打开稍向外，呈九十度弓形触地，身体要自然挺直，背、胸、腰、腹不可弯曲。(新手不建议坐姿演奏萨克斯管不利于掌握气息)
3.含笛头的角度，要以自然呼气和笛头风口的气流方向为依据，因气流方向略向下斜，而笛头和脖管自然要与气流的方向相一致，略往下倾斜为最佳角度，大约为四十五度左右。
4.演奏当中手指、腕部、臂部要松弛,左右手要自然弯曲，指关节要略为隆起，不可平直而蹋落关节，运指时要有节奏感，用力不宜过大。动作不宜僵硬，手指抬的不宜过高。
5.左手拇指扶按在T键上，并且控制八度泛音键，小指控制11(降B)9(升C)8(升G)；右手指托住乐器下方靠近身体部分的托钩，小拇指控制1(C)2(降 E)，左右手食指、中指、无名指分别放在I、Ⅱ、Ⅲ键上。
6.用嘴控制笛头，挂带控制萨克斯的重量， 左右手控制萨克斯的平衡，使之演奏呈现出最佳姿态。
音调&简谱
一、降B调高音萨克斯管，又俗称直管萨克斯。
二、降E调中音萨克斯管，这是应用较为广泛的一种，一般学生初学萨克斯管时多选择这种音域适中且相对易于演奏的乐器。
三、降B调次中音萨克斯管。
四、降E调上低音萨克斯管，它的体积较大，一般应用于重奏与合奏中。
用女儿情来解释简谱的符号
简谱中的调与调号
1=F，表示这首曲子是F调的。
简谱里常使用各种不同的调。调由两部分组成，即主音的高度与调式类别。简谱中，调号是用以确定1(do)音的音高位置的符号，其形式为1=（ ）（现在普遍都用“1”来作为调号的基准音），用作调号的音是调式主音，“1=F”就意味着这首乐曲是F调的。
简谱中的拍子和拍号
4/4，是表示这首曲子是44拍。
将旋律的强拍与弱拍用固定音值进行强弱循环，有规律地组合，称为拍子。拍号一般标记在调号的后边。拍子分为单拍子与复拍子两种。
每小节的每一拍由一个完整音符即单纯音符组成的拍子，称为单拍子；每小节的每一拍由一个附点音符或与其等值的音符组成的拍子，称为复拍子。
音符的长短
在简谱中，1、2、3、4、5、6、7这七个基本音符，不仅仅表示音的高低大小，还表示时值长短的基本单位，称为四分音符，其他音符均是在四分音符的基础上通过加记短横线"-"和附点"·"表示。
单纯音符
如果音符时值的长短用短横线" -"表示，就称为单纯音符。单纯音符除四分音符外，在基本音符右侧加记一条短横线，表示增长一个四分音符的时值。这类加记在音符右侧、使音符时值增长的短横线，称为增时线。增时线越多，音符的时值越长。
在基本音符下方加记一条短横线，表示缩短原音符时值的一半。这类加记在音符下方、使音符时值缩短的短横线，称为减时线。
减时线越多，音符的时值越短。单纯音符的名称以全音符为标准而定。如：全音符的二分之一称为二分音符，全音符的四分之一称为四分音符，其余类推。
附点音符
附点就是记在音符右边的小圆点,表示增加前面音符时值的一半, 带附点的音符叫附点音符。简单点说，就是这个音要多唱半拍。
比如“鸳鸯双栖蝶双飞”中，本来“双”只需要唱一秒，因为有了附点音符所以要唱1.5秒的延长音，本来要唱2秒，现在要唱3秒。
音高
在音符的上方加一个圆点(叫做高音点)表示高一个八度，在音符下方加一个圆点(叫做低音点)则表示低一个八度。若在上方加两个圆点，即表示高两个八度，在下方亦是如此，依此类推。
不带点的音符称为“中音”，带高音点的音符称为“高音”，带低音点的音符称为“低音”。
为了演奏（演唱）的方便，一般将乐曲音域的中音区记成不带点的音符(中音)，这样可以减少一些记谱符号，看得更清楚。
对应的音区称之为低音区、中音区、高音区。在音符上标点，在演奏乐器或者唱歌的时候找准音的高低。
延音线
音符后面有一根短横线。这个叫做延音线，意思就是唱到这里得拖长音。比如：第一句鸳鸯双栖蝶双飞~（此处用波浪表示延长）。
连音线
两个音符上面有一个弧线叫做连音线，一般是给唱歌看的，表示一个字要对应几个音，中间不断开。意思是说，看到弧线就要将对应的字的读音分解开始唱。
比如第一句：鸳鸯双栖蝶双飞，“蝶”字上有连音线，蝶的读音大家知道，蝶=d+ie。
所以唱的时候要这么唱：蝶~（拖ie的音）
休止符
在简谱中表示音乐的休止(停顿)的符号称为休止符。简谱的休止符用O来表示。吹奏乐器的时候，看到休止符，就可以停止吹奏，然后等下一段节奏再吹奏。
休止符时值的长短与音符的时值基本相同，只是不用增时线，而用更多的O来代替，每增加一个O，表示增加一个相当于一个四分休止符的停顿时间，O越多，停顿的时间越长。在休止符下方加记不同数目的减时线，停顿的时间按比例缩短。常用休止符的写法、休止时值如下：
小节线与终止线
在强拍面前，用来划分节拍单位的垂直线叫小节线。用来表示全曲结束的两条小节线，右边略粗于左边的一条叫终止线。
速度
有两种，一种是文字表示的，如“快速”、“中速”、“慢速”等等。一种是直接告诉你的。比如《女儿情》调号下面的表示为每一分钟唱70个4分音符。
以上就是学简谱时都会学到的基础知识，相信大家对简谱有了更清晰的认识。当然这些知识只是乐理的入门部分，在学习过程中还会接触到更详细的学习内容，如果大家在这方面想了解到更多内容或者有疑问的地方都可以给老师留言，会一一帮大家解答的。
指法
手指的按法
好比手中握着球，稍微弯曲，各手指不要伸的直直的，要有弯弯的感觉。按键时手指不要离开，可能的话轻轻摸着键。
曲目
《茉莉花》、《暗香》、《血色浪漫》、《天空之城》依次从简单到难度比较高，是练萨克斯必备的经典曲目。
《茉莉花》
萨克斯本身声音悠扬清亮，而这首乐曲把缥缈缠绵的意境表现得相当到位，在音质不好的播放器上往往会将声音表现成刺耳的高音，意境皆无。面对难以完美再现的萨克斯，尤其是清纯悠扬的清音效果和抒情的高音时，应该表现的完满而到位。层次感清晰分明，音质柔和不显刺耳，却极富穿透力。
《暗香》
《血色浪漫》
此曲注意每个乐句的气流控制，掌握好正确的吸气方法。在演奏时略带喉音，乐句尾音稍带滑间，还需掌握好超高音的演奏。
《天空之城》
用萨克斯演奏的《天空之城》带着一种天然的恬静，让人们陶醉其中，心里便有了一份宁静，和恩雅的音乐一样，能够洗涤内心的躁动，收获一份久违的静谧，不再为了一些琐事闹心。
保养
保持干燥
每次吹奏完后总会有一些水份留在管内，不及时清理会腐蚀管体。在潮湿多雨的地区保持乐器干燥尤为重要。
乐器使用完毕后，应取下弯脖，把管体内的水分倒出来，用柔软吸水的布简单擦拭下喇叭口处的水分，然后放在通风处15-20分钟，让其自然晾干。用过的清洁布不要直接和乐器放在一起，防止潮气滞留二次腐蚀乐器；通布条和口水棒也不建议使用，通布条来回擦，容易对皮垫的密封性造成很大的影响，漏气了或者卡在萨克斯里边就难办了
口水棒是不吸水的材质，口水有碱性，用它等于用碱2次腐蚀管体加速氧化，也不建议使用。
保持清洁
萨克斯管结构复杂，音孔和音键多达数十个，不定期清洁容易在键轴、键杆和弹簧等部位积攒灰尘和污垢，会严重影响乐器机械性能的发挥，给演奏带来困难。
吹奏完乐器后，应用清洁布擦拭管体表面的指纹和汗迹，否则容易侵蚀管体，加快萨克斯表面的氧化；使用萨克斯时间长了，键柱之间和键杆下面如果有浮尘，可用0.5寸左右的小毛刷轻轻打扫或者可以用卫生棉棒来小心清理。建议1-2周一次即可。
哨片保养
吹奏完毕后，哨片用后要取下，擦去水分，放入哨片夹内，妥善保管。短时休息时，一定要套上笛头帽。
笛头保养
笛头每次用完后用水冲洗干净，再用软布擦干即可，也可直接擦干净。
键垫保养
吹奏完毕后键垫有潮湿的情况出现，会硬化减少使用寿命；可用吸水纸夹在键垫与音孔之间。手按键子，将水分吸干，保持各部分的干燥，一定不要让纸屑留在音口上以免造成漏气现象。
按键灵活
萨克斯管音调的变化主要依靠音键和音孔的变化来实现，因此尤其音键应具备高度的灵活性。所以应定期滴专用键油以增强它的灵活性并防止锈死。
每隔2个月在萨克斯各键连杆处注入萨克斯润滑油，不要太多，防止键油流到管体上导致漆面提早氧化，滴完后活动几下键子使油充分渗入，用软布把表面多余的油擦干净即可。
乐器上固定各键连杆的各个螺丝，要进行经常性的检查，如有松动将其拧紧。由于萨克斯的泛音孔很小，较易堵塞，所以要定期清理。根据个人使用情况1-2年要到萨克斯维护中心做一次保养；如果萨克斯长时间未用，开始用的时候，需要做一次检查以及保养。
手应该拿在萨克斯没有按键的部分，比如喇叭口或者上侧弯脖接口处，或者手拿指托处，一定要牢靠、稳妥；并且乐器放回箱包后，一定记得拉上箱包拉链，避免不小心乐器的滑出造成不必要的磕碰。
%3Chowto_content%3E[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"is_abstract":true},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"萨克斯属于一种木管乐器，但管体通常会使用黄铜来制造，使","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"得","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"萨克斯在声音的力度上不但具有着铜管类乐器的特性，而且在音质也有着木管乐器的特点，特别是声音上带有金属的明亮度，是其他木管乐器无法比拟的","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnmY0kk0MW2a6I6rYWpBYzBc"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"介绍","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnGWCQQOOSW2w0SSSXkkoEmc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"萨克斯有倍低音萨克斯，低音萨克斯、上低音萨克斯、次中音萨克斯、C调萨克斯、中音萨克斯、F调高音萨克斯、高音萨克斯、C调高音萨克斯、超高音萨克斯。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnSGmoqGI0a4E4YLavQSyuHg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"萨克斯有多种音域和调性，其中以中高音、中音、次中音、上低音四种最多见。 古典萨克斯以中音萨克斯为主，而在爵士乐、流行乐里是以中音次中音为主。所有的萨克斯指法基本都是一样的，吹奏可以不用指法练习就更换乐器。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnKic0kgmO64cAyodJQ7Qxth"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"组成部分","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnicgs8Iy0K0sEKO9hEOYvSb"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"主管","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnW6mC4mEw0mQOSWUaxbCn7s"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":609,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"主管","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/28c36a6043e64db09289f78cc0c5d088","width":243},"text":"","id":"doxcnSE6ucAAqyGOGYLizdlZcxe"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"脖管","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnqIGyoucsWw8qaQ7skVF6gf"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":501,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"脖管","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/3958441a490b40aba317310eed20a118","width":778},"text":"","id":"doxcnGqYgwac6KEMo43FtlOWqGf"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"笛头","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcngo8soScasYU8OkjP5tx50f"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":306,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"笛头","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/3cc90849c0984007aa35734fa14c0821","width":705},"text":"","id":"doxcnu4OEsmEwgig2SO3FqcC0Ih"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"哨片","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn6giOqaq66gcmMXlNrAgzZc"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":365,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"哨片","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/0e78641c7f4049b5b1065c6af567f67f","width":277},"text":"","id":"doxcn6ME6EM0YUEmqeW3PPqjpeb"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"哨箍","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnm8OymOu8u0ukQLu5mWxfle"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":359,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"哨箍","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/71e5dcd0179f4ebdb8260510e46aada2","width":351},"text":"","id":"doxcn2Qeuouww6w02CAMDoGGbYc"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"盖帽","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnGUuKy2k0iKewuYHFRovdHc"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":832,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"盖帽","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/04a8c1efd284453792c746525193e3f6","width":401},"text":"","id":"doxcnA2m8CqEqgkiwQb7xrEf2jb"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"挂带","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcni2oOEigg4iQ4EPH8dUIolf"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":737,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"挂带","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/59f3b3ae4f9745519f72e389b308b050","width":659},"text":"","id":"doxcnGwq2A4kAIEIeqOGwrjT3ge"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"萨克斯种类","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn04uaCWAgS0O84FdPKveeng"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"高音萨克斯","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnUMAYGk82cQwa6NvUDtBfgb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"是萨克斯家族中音调第二高的乐器，通常为降B调，仅此于超高音萨克斯(Sopranino),管的体积也是第二_小。常见的为直管，略微曲颈或类似中音萨克斯的形状。相对于黑管，高音萨克斯音量更大，更有穿透力。但由于小管身，使得高音部分更难以控制音准，较难上手。音萨克斯主要用于独奏，在木管重奏中常用来替代双簧管。著名的高音萨克斯演奏家有SidneyBechet,约翰柯川，Wayne Shorter,能等。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnU26ygeS8Ckiw8z3Ix1hese"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":598,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"高音萨克斯","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/c8f39d0052a843b482f1cd21a4aebb11","width":599},"text":"","id":"doxcn0sS4iCAcgkocM7ITP4UvTh"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"中音萨克斯","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn686mIMe4K2Q0gfZ1WMp6Gf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"是最常见的萨克斯，降E调，也是应用在古典乐合奏中最多的萨克斯。于按键距离适中，气息要求和嘴部控制难度介于高音萨克斯和次中音萨克斯之间，以吸相对便宜的价格和搬运容易，成为初学者入i最常使用的萨克斯。中音萨克斯音色较次中音清亮，较高音温和。\\n","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"中音萨克斯构成了管乐队萨克斯声部的最主要部分，在爵士大乐队编制中和次中音占同等重要位置。作为独奏乐器出现相对少一些。中音萨克斯是萨克斯家族最有代表性的种类。著名的中音萨克斯演奏家有爵士乐: Charlie Parker、Cannonball Adderley、Kenny Garrett。古典乐: Marcel Mule，Sigurd Rascher等。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn8Ko6Aq2E2a26KO7g7Qj7jh"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":676,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"中音萨克斯","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/798ddf9c0cd847b5b48bcfb854a27bc5","width":485},"text":"","id":"doxcn6Cc2wgWQOMaeklrr5w0gJf"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"次中音萨克斯","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnmYmMASO0kmYGU1VU4UMUjb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"通常为降B调，外形比中音萨克斯稍大，弯管前端多了一个弯曲，色温和稳重。在管乐队中次中音萨克斯数量少于中音，一般作为辅助角色和小低音号和长号同样的乐谱。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnuAswqmwA6GQY6TyToKxmDd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"而在爵士乐中次中音起核心作用。1920年代Coleman Hawkins沙哑厚重的声音重新定义了人们对次中音音色的概念。后来的约翰柯川，Stan Getz, Sonny Rollins, Michael Brecke一步一步地奠定了次中音声音的个性。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnmuKMe8KY02E2oB4GK2mLwe"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":412,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"次中音萨克斯","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/b9f129e9de4246e2bcaf1ca9fe7864b5","width":545},"text":"","id":"doxcnKmqI4o0We6OSGw13yW7W2g"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":" 上低音萨克斯","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnCUk6EyM0SeMCUjTot6PuTc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"通常为降E调，是4种中相对少见的类型。体积重量较大，近音两倍左右。很少有人它作为独奏乐器，而在萨克斯四重奏或爵士大乐队中上低音萨克斯以它低沉浑厚的音色把其它声音承托起来，以较简单的吹奏维持着音乐进行的稳定步伐。在管乐队中常和低音号类似的作用，有时让人联想起大提琴的声音。著名演奏家有Gerry Mulligan。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnygmsUmAUQKIsKw6aRvvfsg"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":724,"note":[{"type":"text","text":" 上低音萨克斯","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/4dbdfed977c94e6cbe6c38f080c734fb","width":551},"text":"","id":"doxcnGeg8CmA4804mG8emd0fbMe"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"选购","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnEaMeoGqwUmAuGuu11Nj0sg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"初学萨克斯的朋友基本都是从降E中音萨克斯学起，因为中音萨克斯容易控制大小适中女老少都可以很轻松的演奏，且市面上针对初学萨克斯的教程都是中音萨克斯的教程，因此中音萨克斯以他的优势成为初学者的首选。 ","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnOeaK4qCE8O4eAjajQhMuag"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"初学者没有必要买太好的管子，名牌并不见得好。因为进口的管子大多数也都是出口转内销的，很多所谓的国外品牌其实都在国内生产，一不心就会出高价买个山寨品。可以选择价格在2000-5000的国内品牌即可。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn8YIsUawmQEAqwrxIv81hNh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"挑选萨克斯要看音准、密合度共振、音域质手感、镀层机械连动、空按萨克斯、按垫是不是均匀平整等等。但这对于初学者来说还是不好把握，好找专业可靠的朋友帮忙挑选。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnIsqYuesiamOaAzCH7aT50c"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"建议先看乐器的整体造型是否合理，有些萨克斯管口部分很斜,和脖管不对称。检查每个按键的皮垫是否盖严或变形，若有盖得不严会漏气，影响发音。要试一下手感， 每个按键的弹簧是否力度适中。要看一下每个常用活动点是否严密、灵活，哨片箍是否能拧紧，不能太松。笛头部分与哨片接触处是否完整，均无瑕疵。然后最关键的是要试音色是否优美，同一价位的不同萨克斯音色都不一样。再试高音是否明亮低音是否易吹，音准是否好，有些乐器高音大都不准。再看附件是否齐全(部分配有：哨片、翻笛头、挂带等)。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnauikgWIogiAc6tpYo0HW8e"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"乐理知识","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnqYq6a2MausOeOIJgi4Coge"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"音名","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnkUqW80o6CGo62qMavOn2Ej"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"以英文字母来表示音高，称为","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"音名。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnk4YKsMw2AYAaARn5V7WBie"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"12调全音域音名表","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnuM4yIoWKiOeSw5DOyS15Qe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"一、C调（*）：低音234567，中音: 1234567，高音: 123456.(共19个唱名)","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnoOs4c6OIsWEsBFrPZvO8Lq"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"二、#C调（$）：低音1234567，中音: 1234567，高音: 12345.(共19个唱名)","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnoogGWgWMoU0mAbYBAvyZ6d"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"三、D调（*）：最低音7，低音，1234567，中音: 1234567，高音:12345.(共20个唱名)","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcniQgk6oiKIuikQN4bd44h9b"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"四、E调（\u0026）：低音，67，中音：1234567，高：1234567.最高音：1234 (共20个唱名)","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnUwuSCaESO8AMy6FOrymAah"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"五、bE调（*）：低音: #67中音：1#12#34#45#56#67 高音：1#2#234#45#56#67最高音：1#1234#4 (共32个唱名)","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcni6e4YWYcm4Ku21RdVClHOf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"七、#F调（$）：低音，567，中音：1234567， 高音：1234567.最高音12（共19个唱名）","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcngiiM2wqmUKwOq6B2Gkw98c"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"八、G调（*）：低音，567，中音：1234567，高音：1234567.最高音12（共19个唱名）","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcngGIg6eGK48ooo32mJDC5ud"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"九、A调（\u0026）：低音，34567,中音: 1234567， 高音: 1234567.最.高音1（共20个唱名）","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnAQkyuAgCUYw44LSAdpKn4f"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"十、bA调（\u0026）：低音，4567，中音：1234567， 高音：1234567.最高音1（共19个唱名）","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnqAM8qkY6gQwE6dB8d811bd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"十一、B调（$）：低音，234567，中音：1234567，高音: 123456.","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcncIkyGKaI4MmyMZ1hhK2dCc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"十二、bB调（*）：低音，34567，中音：1234567， 高音：1234567. (共19个唱名)","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcncuY2sYaKQ8wME1ZynTRbXg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":" 备注","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcniUW2GG2IqmGgMdM1HgjUmd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、其中带(*)号的调号为最常用基本调号共6个大调；带(\u0026)号的调号为次常用调号共3个。带($)号的调号为一般不常用的调号共3个调号。 ","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn0ggu8q8MiwYEMn7hJ45Beg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、此表中共计244个唱音。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnYSOSAKcQIg08MvLOjOZ6Vc"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"哼唱","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnq0YIiI8uqGss5sBsidqkgh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"萨克斯吹一个音，并且几乎同时的唱这个音，同时发出两个音，严格的说不叫双音，和吼叫技巧差不多。通常称它为哼唱，又叫做唱音。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnkuagUKwW004Eui5fpeNOHc"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"高低音区","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn2maOcSsQickIMb1jyES34e"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"萨克斯在日常的娱乐过程中肯定会遇到高低音转换的情况。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnmw2uksOWy4woeeVyNq2psc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"这里的高低音转换以是否按着泛音键来区别，一种是主旋律的高低音转换，比如中音萨克斯降E调从中音的1（不按泛音键）到2（按着泛音键）的转换，或者反之，或是吹降B调时从3或4转换到5或反过来。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnwIwMiWWYKwk0aANyHr98Le"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"另一种是装饰音的高低音转换，这个就要求更快，几乎是要在一拍之内完成。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn4UyaKWueA8kWQjoIwsmPyh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"在高低音转换时（这里的高低音转换以是否按着泛音键来区别，下同） , 为了防止吹\"破”音，就要通过气息来控制，在转换音的时候把气息“弱”下来，下一个音再逐渐起来，有的时候曲子需要时，加上吐音也能解决这个问题。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcni4OwScWiSaiEGM5NZM8fYg"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"升降音","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnwukES2wQ0wISW2LpP5MNWg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"各个调之间无所谓谁高谁低，只是一个八度之间的比较而已。无论是高八度或者是低八度，只要是调对了，大家就能跟伴奏。要做好这件事情，就要有一点基本的乐理知识。最起码对熟悉的曲子能简单唱谱，才能知道里面的那个音是1(dao)，那个音是2(rai)，那个音是3(mi)。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnEiq0KOmSY080kZJsOMRvwh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"先确定曲子的调","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnKAwwwcQ2uAoSwXvNSasBYf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"边听曲子，边唱其谱，选定任何一个音比如1。用萨克斯吹一下各个音(包括半音)，看哪个音是正好跟你选定的音相吻合，那么这个音的1所对应的调就是曲子的调。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn6so0AEY44mgs4JhorWqAgg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"如果你只熟悉","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"少数指法","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"，就用萨克斯吹一下你熟悉的指法的各个1，看哪个更接近。并确定曲子的那个1比你吹出来的这个1是高还是低?这样你就知道到时候调整音调的时候是应该按上升还是下降了。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnACYOko0aM86kucDItUt7bc"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"音调","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnkqyw0mAwaEAegjvhZKTINg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"经过探究，萨克斯产音域从原本的两个八度和一个五度的根底上，又向上扩大了一个八度和一个四度（扩大音域属于超吹局部，没有必定的根底很难演奏）。","id":""},{"type":"text","text":" ","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnS44AMISMgEkGSCLTbVNrec"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"振动不规矩，音的上下听起来不分明，叫做“杂音”；","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnkqqoeci0846CwRMHsps6Ce"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"乐音系统：音乐中所运用的基本的乐音的总和 ；","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnig6MU4KS0ksEA9OY4eknye"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"音级：乐音系统中的各音（专指乐音）；（振动起来是有规律的、单纯的，并有准确的高度（也叫音高）的音）","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnqcouaYC0MUgSG4bs2JcVa9"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"音列：按必定的音高关系和上下顺序，由低到高或由高到低陈列 ；","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnSCsGQcwgmgGqAd1dGITVmg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"半音：乐音系统中，音高关系的最小计量单元 ；（相邻的两个音之间最小的距离）","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn26aCmoQOWUcaUVyI2eNP1e"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"全音","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"：一个全音等于两个半音 ，把八度音划分为十二个音，四个相连的音之间的音程叫全音。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnOgKy6iK2oceskFlhJklopg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"变化音级：将基本音级加以提高或下降得来的音； ","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn8YsYweOeUogSWuwHqEBBBd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"晋级音：将基本音级提高半音，如升C、升D、相反是降职音 ； ","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnCs4egmAK6sqEmkSXhH2Y6b"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"重升音级：将基本音级提高全音，如重升C、重升D，等，反之为重降 ；","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnWCqKQOecgoaoaEtfIBLtfd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"音组：乐音系统中八十多个音用来划分音分为多少组，它的标志是用小写字母并在右上方加数字“1”来表示。如：c1，d1，e1，f1，比小字一组高的各组，由低到高名为“小字二组”、“小字三组”、“小字四组”、“小字五组”。顺次写上数字“2”、“3”、“4”、“5”。比小字一组低的各组，由高到低顺次命名为“小字组”、“大字组”、“大字一组”、“大字二组”。小字组用小写字母，大字组用大写字母 ； ","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnmAEa24k0kMgGg1zydHIGMd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"中心C：位于乐音系统总音到中心的小字一组的c1。每秒振动约261次 ；","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn0mEScK4MQSG0qSMZQURUne"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"定律法：断定乐音系统中各音的彻底精确高度，人们在实施中发明白种种定律法。如十二均匀律，五度相生津、纯律等 ；","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnAmIUWcuAecaWcP0zMGF4Cc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"十二均匀律：将一个纯八度（如c1-c2）分红十二个均等的局部 ； ","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnwwimeswyOycwq0tz695Usb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"等音：音高相似而记法和意思不同的音。如升C、降D，重升B，这三个音在钢琴上音高是完全相似的。但记法和意思不同。能够看出，除了升G和降A惟有一个等音外，其它各音都有两个等音 。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcniQYgAiym2IOCG0adrpwx2e"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"复合音：平常听到某一音，一般由很多个音组合而成的。它的发生是因为发音体（以弦为例）振动时，不只全段振动，它的各局部（二、三、四、五段等）也同时在振动 ； ","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnccQGu4GcwasOKG7RaRs2mf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"基音：由全弦振动发生的音，听的最清楚的； ","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnQyyQwQCKEAAQGsXNRMPDWd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"泛音：由发音体各局部振动而发生，不易被听出的； ","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn0Wi6OM2K26KsO8Ixd8acOf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"分音：形成复合音的各音； ","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnmUmAAMySoWiewJZj1NveDc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"音域：从低音到高音，音列的总范畴 ； ","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn2kquOwA0MAaSBO7s9roTNc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"音区：音域中的一局部。依据音色的不同分为高音区、中音区和低音区。小字组、小字一组、小字二组被以为是中音区，小字三，小字四，五为高音区，大字组，大字一组和二组为低音区。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcncAiIG8I6KQs8kve2yxpdDb"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"姿势","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn4eQU4a0OaykYSUcjvBBFCg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1.用挂带将乐器挂在胸前，调整挂带，使其既能负担乐器的重量又能缓解手和臂的紧张程度。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcngG646UsmMA6IyIHnuiAwCg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2.站立演奏时，两腿同肩宽,坐着演奏时，两腿打开稍向外，呈九十度弓形触地，身体要自然挺直，背、胸、腰、腹不可弯曲。(新手不建议坐姿演奏萨克斯管不利于掌握气息)","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnaoyIu0S6Cy4mg5pjsBlRif"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3.含笛头的角度，要以自然呼气和笛头风口的气流方向为依据，因气流方向略向下斜，而笛头和脖管自然要与气流的方向相一致，略往下倾斜为最佳角度，大约为四十五度左右。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcne0KcUSoEmo0o5RlTYWfbyW"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"4.演奏当中手指、腕部、臂部要松弛,左右手要自然弯曲，指关节要略为隆起，不可平直而蹋落关节，运指时要有节奏感，用力不宜过大。动作不宜僵硬，手指抬的不宜过高。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnuWEimoa66ukegwSf8LMPT5"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"5.左手拇指扶按在T键上，并且控制八度泛音键，小指控制11(降B)9(升C)8(升G)；右手指托住乐器下方靠近身体部分的托钩，小拇指控制1(C)2(降 E)，左右手食指、中指、无名指分别放在I、Ⅱ、Ⅲ键上。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnuka4QIYmKosayEjiKWKMTU"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"6.用嘴控制笛头，挂带控制萨克斯的重量， 左右手控制萨克斯的平衡，使之演奏呈现出最佳姿态。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnO0uKY0aqMsEsw9HWFRD7zf"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"音调\u0026简谱","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnwQyoI4Q2UUY046BPVq6xif"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"一、降B调高音萨克斯管，又俗称直管萨克斯。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnqw2m82I4kyq8gReeozh2kf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"二、降E调中音萨克斯管，这是应用较为广泛的一种，一般学生初学萨克斯管时多选择这种音域适中且相对易于演奏的乐器。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcncwaeqa0g2Mw8MpM2jzhEPh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"三、降B调次中音萨克斯管。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnQQIS0kiwES2S0GX3vK6NYf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"四、降E调上低音萨克斯管，它的体积较大，一般应用于重奏与合奏中。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn24gIMUI8womSC0lAmgbtVh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"用女儿情来解释简谱的符号","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnea2cGQUIu6w0WsBJ8sekAg"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":618,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"音调\u0026简谱","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/5b8e6a993d19406697d60a7296d3abff","width":404},"text":"","id":"doxcnw4ac2gqcY2sig3YqxBb1eY"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"简谱中的调与调号","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcncAyS22WeYgkcO3Iackierb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1=F，表示这首曲子是F调的。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnkwYUi6U2Umq0sW4LB2uP19"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"简谱里常使用各种不同的调。调由两部分组成，即主音的高度与调式类别。简谱中，调号是用以确定1(do)音的音高位置的符号，其形式为1=（ ）（现在普遍都用“1”来作为调号的基准音），用作调号的音是调式主音，“1=F”就意味着这首乐曲是F调的。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnS08muk2eMogM0YicrSc2Bd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"简谱中的拍子和拍号","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn6wCCw0wW8ygqaeGtRCABVh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"4/4，是表示这首曲子是44拍。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnIcOUyaugMy8keqdC3rnMFf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"将旋律的强拍与弱拍用固定音值进行强弱循环，有规律地组合，称为拍子。拍号一般标记在调号的后边。拍子分为单拍子与复拍子两种。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnaYQ66coSoKmcc1sobLITef"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"每小节的每一拍由一个完整音符即单纯音符组成的拍子，称为单拍子；每小节的每一拍由一个附点音符或与其等值的音符组成的拍子，称为复拍子。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnUYEEogmMi8UmSi5e4hJvIg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"音符的长短","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnauWEs4YUecOa8uzROt9g0b"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"在简谱中，1、2、3、4、5、6、7这七个基本音符，不仅仅表示音的高低大小，还表示时值长短的基本单位，称为四分音符，其他音符均是在四分音符的基础上通过加记短横线\"-\"和附点\"·\"表示。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnkKwcU8ocwY2SW2VzOXLakf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"单纯音符","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnme2uM6wUocWEGg70zaalcg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"如果音符时值的长短用短横线\" -\"表示，就称为单纯音符。单纯音符除四分音符外，在基本音符右侧加记一条短横线，表示增长一个四分音符的时值。这类加记在音符右侧、使音符时值增长的短横线，称为增时线。增时线越多，音符的时值越长。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn2kYqiuSEsacQCOarhIvqdc"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":261,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"音调\u0026简谱","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/56479419a601443f97bdcc21602dffda","width":478},"text":"","id":"doxcnoewcWSyYQSS8uuB9TRuq8g"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"在基本音符下方加记一条短横线，表示缩短原音符时值的一半。这类加记在音符下方、使音符时值缩短的短横线，称为减时线。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnmSyekmOGuqMYu6cGpDdK1e"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"减时线越多，音符的时值越短。单纯音符的名称以全音符为标准而定。如：全音符的二分之一称为二分音符，全音符的四分之一称为四分音符，其余类推。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnQuOYOYKMucKA4ctWH1hYAd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"附点音符","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnAs6EuWsEkK86WUcG0jZdIb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"附点就是记在音符右边的小圆点,表示增加前面音符时值的一半, 带附点的音符叫附点音符。简单点说，就是这个音要多唱半拍。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn6WYeIuSCC0sSVWeVwsDRuF"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"比如“鸳鸯双栖蝶双飞”中，本来“双”只需要唱一秒，因为有了附点音符所以要唱1.5秒的延长音，本来要唱2秒，现在要唱3秒。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnA8Keomsou8aaUR6AjgOHsf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"音高","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn4AMI0eC6qKCKhsG0VSlWwW"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"在音符的上方加一个圆点(叫做高音点)表示高一个八度，在音符下方加一个圆点(叫做低音点)则表示低一个八度。若在上方加两个圆点，即表示高两个八度，在下方亦是如此，依此类推。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnu6Acw6o0QOKKGwRGdkHsJd"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":99,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"音调\u0026简谱","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/1af57437ccf6490b9517bbd59a12decb","width":640},"text":"","id":"doxcni8MkSymog2GoaeUMwYF5Kg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"不带点的音符称为“中音”，带高音点的音符称为“高音”，带低音点的音符称为“低音”。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnCUGgsSE0AS00Q12NwxZFEg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"为了演奏（演唱）的方便，一般将乐曲音域的中音区记成不带点的音符(中音)，这样可以减少一些记谱符号，看得更清楚。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnmekEeSkqsqy8S6IMzW3AUg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"对应的音区称之为低音区、中音区、高音区。在音符上标点，在演奏乐器或者唱歌的时候找准音的高低。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnsCMKE82mu28mmGDaGm8mWf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"延音线","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn28mm2Gcauy2q8SFrJ0gXWb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"音符后面有一根短横线。这个叫做延音线，意思就是唱到这里得拖长音。比如：第一句鸳鸯双栖蝶双飞~（此处用波浪表示延长）。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnCEa0CqmAGmQwSAvUF3cCOb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"连音线","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnyg6cqkMIcKQmeUYVN7fZfc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"两个音符上面有一个弧线叫做连音线，一般是给唱歌看的，表示一个字要对应几个音，中间不断开。意思是说，看到弧线就要将对应的字的读音分解开始唱。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnYOqK0eeMiIeueox911BINb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"比如第一句：鸳鸯双栖蝶双飞，“蝶”字上有连音线，蝶的读音大家知道，蝶=d+ie。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnaCaWuWKYUyw2CwIsr8aj2c"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"所以唱的时候要这么唱：蝶~（拖ie的音）","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnssUyIw6i6kgas7TqHPIMKf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"休止符","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcncwMcEEW0eoiKkdhGtux0Zg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"在简谱中表示音乐的休止(停顿)的符号称为休止符。简谱的休止符用O来表示。吹奏乐器的时候，看到休止符，就可以停止吹奏，然后等下一段节奏再吹奏。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcngggAkGw2c6uYgRyAUZxWwf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"休止符时值的长短与音符的时值基本相同，只是不用增时线，而用更多的O来代替，每增加一个O，表示增加一个相当于一个四分休止符的停顿时间，O越多，停顿的时间越长。在休止符下方加记不同数目的减时线，停顿的时间按比例缩短。常用休止符的写法、休止时值如下：","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcncIUCkI2Uw8Ck9sF8t9yGyp"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":105,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"音调\u0026简谱","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/8b1e7e535a344139878187260c2f705d","width":640},"text":"","id":"doxcnWayMMaakIGg6kLuUMyGXne"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"小节线与终止线","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnsIaiOoEicIWG4Rp2azP8Hf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"在强拍面前，用来划分节拍单位的垂直线叫小节线。用来表示全曲结束的两条小节线，右边略粗于左边的一条叫终止线。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnkUomYEoqEkIIWmY4N1Fnid"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"速度","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn2aOGYCu0i00IIHuCEqLewc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"有两种，一种是文字表示的，如“快速”、“中速”、“慢速”等等。一种是直接告诉你的。比如《女儿情》调号下面的表示为每一分钟唱70个4分音符。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn0MMCeC0uWKqUAxHMxCANEh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"以上就是学简谱时都会学到的基础知识，相信大家对简谱有了更清晰的认识。当然这些知识只是乐理的入门部分，在学习过程中还会接触到更详细的学习内容，如果大家在这方面想了解到更多内容或者有疑问的地方都可以给老师留言，会一一帮大家解答的。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnU0KUKomWUAygLlHDVA6qj4"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":212,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"音调\u0026简谱","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/e189309bdc9241b88de161e9d604bef2","width":1064},"text":"","id":"doxcnuW8qy2gk0YcGaUhmrPV7Gh"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"指法","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcniaQw46U8I2Sogtg5LB0Mih"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"手指的按法","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnYeikySCigmAcInaT2hRuBf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"好比手中握着球，稍微弯曲，各手指不要伸的直直的，要有弯弯的感觉。按键时手指不要离开，可能的话轻轻摸着键。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcng4GoMYYMkAKkq8C1ARkNLh"},{"type":"imageList","children":[{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":287,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"指法","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/bc7a4da220584c1b90bf06e58c5ce8f3","width":718},"text":"","id":"doxcnGKEouGqQ2AO0sLeymkytke"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":793,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"指法","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/233e98db508146989b3acff815933879","width":385},"text":"","id":"doxcnimS20A0SAkiUQJb0picvDd"}],"text":"","id":"doxcn86KEiASWkKUKIdd17DgNUe"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"曲目","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn86KEiASWkKUKIdd17DgNUe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"《茉莉花》、《暗香》、《血色浪漫》、《天空之城》依次从简单到难度比较高，是练萨克斯必备的经典曲目。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn4mG6uEue4gS2qeWj8EkpDf"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"《茉莉花》","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnEwGeSw4gKqQkAV1hnAc9Kd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"萨克斯本身声音悠扬清亮，而这首乐曲把缥缈缠绵的意境表现得相当到位，在音质不好的播放器上往往会将声音表现成刺耳的高音，意境皆无。面对难以完美再现的萨克斯，尤其是清纯悠扬的清音效果和抒情的高音时，应该表现的完满而到位。层次感清晰分明，音质柔和不显刺耳，却极富穿透力。 ","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnUqWwEEKO08I4mEZU3WSR4I"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":361,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"《茉莉花》","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/67c8e76a96834c32b726bf1da96698d6","width":893},"text":"","id":"doxcn8SwOuAK8KsQec5aiBCcQbg"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"《暗香》","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnw4O20s6QYWS8uM2Y1khQBc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnOaQMeOUeO2wuiMEBXPNexb"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":698,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"《暗香》","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/72070152301c4a97847bcfd59563945a","width":778},"text":"","id":"doxcnEWEKuKO6WkGcyZ8YlBWWsb"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"《血色浪漫》","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcncQMS6soEea88kvMlY9OA9g"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"此曲注意每个乐句的气流控制，掌握好正确的吸气方法。在演奏时略带喉音，乐句尾音稍带滑间，还需掌握好超高音的演奏。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnYMsWocW4AUMcccHkHNmGRj"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":723,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"《血色浪漫》","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/3b9937e18d4146be953050ebad13fd4c","width":497},"text":"","id":"doxcnKkwUQQOeEqKsJJXZHnjHuP"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"《天空之城》","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnKg44mOomWukyqQnABkWNCe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"用萨克斯演奏的《天空之城》带着一种天然的恬静，让人们陶醉其中，心里便有了一份宁静，和恩雅的音乐一样，能够洗涤内心的躁动，收获一份久违的静谧，不再为了一些琐事闹心。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnCsAG2GCm08UqKq1qJs9sqc"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":685,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"《天空之城》","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/5ec0854a95124f9ba26637dddf40d0ef","width":563},"text":"","id":"doxcnw46mukaCQW04OQThVrWa8f"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"保养","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnk8AeS26UyIaAHSngYaVQob"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"保持干燥","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnSagugGc8eUiWie8LNtFZDe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"每次吹奏完后总会有一些水份留在管内，不及时清理会腐蚀管体。在潮湿多雨的地区保持乐器干燥尤为重要。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn4ss8goQ2QiMmeNWgcJ9Thb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"乐器使用完毕后，应取下弯脖，把管体内的水分倒出来，用柔软吸水的布简单擦拭下喇叭口处的水分，然后放在通风处15-20分钟，让其自然晾干。用过的清洁布不要直接和乐器放在一起，防止潮气滞留二次腐蚀乐器；通布条和口水棒也不建议使用，通布条来回擦，容易对皮垫的密封性造成很大的影响，漏气了或者卡在萨克斯里边就难办了","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnGw0YYAuqWmw4EjCW66Yi9b"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"口水棒是不吸水的材质，口水有碱性，用它等于用碱2次腐蚀管体加速氧化，也不建议使用。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnaOwEmsC4y2mekLyQtqkfDd"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"保持清洁","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnWyMssO68QUMM6VyDk0Fpxc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"萨克斯管结构复杂，音孔和音键多达数十个，不定期清洁容易在键轴、键杆和弹簧等部位积攒灰尘和污垢，会严重影响乐器机械性能的发挥，给演奏带来困难。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnEUekK0IueSysA581uynR7f"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"吹奏完乐器后，应用清洁布擦拭管体表面的指纹和汗迹，否则容易侵蚀管体，加快萨克斯表面的氧化；使用萨克斯时间长了，键柱之间和键杆下面如果有浮尘，可用0.5寸左右的小毛刷轻轻打扫或者可以用卫生棉棒来小心清理。建议1-2周一次即可。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnMq8MCosCkuyMCKGqgy7Byb"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"哨片保养","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnYAYcmkqEAIg6OKLx8kwgEb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"吹奏完毕后，哨片用后要取下，擦去水分，放入哨片夹内，妥善保管。短时休息时，一定要套上笛头帽。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnkwuGw6iMYwu24hrKfbKPTh"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"笛头保养","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcniWE2Kmk8Scy6grRkMFdEMf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"笛头每次用完后用水冲洗干净，再用软布擦干即可，也可直接擦干净。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnS8aWGCqGi22YEYy2JxRvjb"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"键垫保养","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn62yWGOCWsSGsAlDLaLTZzf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"吹奏完毕后键垫有潮湿的情况出现，会硬化减少使用寿命；可用吸水纸夹在键垫与音孔之间。手按键子，将水分吸干，保持各部分的干燥，一定不要让纸屑留在音口上以免造成漏气现象。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnqQCOUQAaCgoiwf09JDZ92d"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"按键灵活","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnoGmKO0WmEOuc8RuP1fCiLe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"萨克斯管音调的变化主要依靠音键和音孔的变化来实现，因此尤其音键应具备高度的灵活性。所以应定期滴专用键油以增强它的灵活性并防止锈死。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnUkcU86wgeO0wohkHl756nh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"每隔2个月在萨克斯各键连杆处注入萨克斯润滑油，不要太多，防止键油流到管体上导致漆面提早氧化，滴完后活动几下键子使油充分渗入，用软布把表面多余的油擦干净即可。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnow6sOs4kO6y4yaCxJx01Ke"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"乐器上固定各键连杆的各个螺丝，要进行经常性的检查，如有松动将其拧紧。由于萨克斯的泛音孔很小，较易堵塞，所以要定期清理。根据个人使用情况1-2年要到萨克斯维护中心做一次保养；如果萨克斯长时间未用，开始用的时候，需要做一次检查以及保养。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnwM08yWoyiU2u8xu7sXlFed"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"手应该拿在萨克斯没有按键的部分，比如喇叭口或者上侧弯脖接口处，或者手拿指托处，一定要牢靠、稳妥；并且乐器放回箱包后，一定记得拉上箱包拉链，避免不小心乐器的滑出造成不必要的磕碰。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnSCWImeg2kwEs4esu37RTBc"}]%3C%2Fhowto_content%3E
